南宋三省枢密院执政兼任体制及其运行  

The System of the Vice Chief of the Three Sheng and the Privy Council Holding a Concurrent Post and Its Operation in the Southern Song Dynasty

作　　者：田志光[1] TIAN Zhiguang

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第8期66-78,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“历代国家治理的历史底蕴与当代价值”(项目编号:LSYZD21003);河南省高校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“‘新宋学’发展演变的历史底蕴与当代价值”(项目编号:2022-JCZD-06);河南高校哲学社会科学创新团队“唐宋时期国家治理研究”(项目编号:2023-CXTD-03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：南宋初期面对战争动荡,宋廷在借鉴北宋宰相兼枢密使经验的基础上命三省副相与枢密院长贰官员互相兼任以解决战时面临的军政问题,三省、枢密院长贰互相兼任遂成为保证中枢机构正常运作的便宜之举。宋金和议达成后,中枢执政兼任也由战时之举向常规体制转变。在实际政务运行中,执政兼任职权会受到兼权者自身才能、宰相执政风格、皇帝信任程度等因素影响,其权力处在动态演变之中。随着三省枢密院合班奏事与宰相兼任枢密使成为固定制度,执政兼任频繁发生,兼任体制也愈加成熟。两府长贰兼任代表着执政人数的精简,一方面提升了决策效率,两府关系也更加密切;另一方面中枢执政人数减少从而导致权力更为集中,客观上巩固了权相专权体制。兼任制度的形成对南宋政局影响深远,三省与枢密院分掌文武之政的权力格局逐渐瓦解,中枢宰辅机构军政合一趋向更加明显。Facing the turmoil of war in the early Southern Song Dynasty and based on the experience of the prime minister serving as the Shumishi in the Northern Song Dynasty,the Southern Song Dynasty appointed the Vice-Premier and the top two executive posts holders in the Privy Council to act in each other's role to solve the military and political problems during the war.After the agreement of the Song and Jin,this wartime measure shifted to a conventional system.The power of the assisting ministers concurrently holding other posts would be influenced by factors such as the talent of the person in charge,the ruling style of prime minister,and the degree of trust from the emperor,and its power was in a dynamic evolution.With the joint meetings of two governments and the prime minister concurrently serving as the Shumishi becoming a fixed system,and the frequent occurrence of the assisting ministers concurrently holding other posts,this system became more mature.It represented the streamlining of the number of ruling officials.On one hand,it enhanced decision-making efficiency and strengthened the relationship between the two governments;on the other hand,the reduction in the number of central ruling officials leaded to a more centralized power,objectively stimulating the authoritarian system of powerful premiers.The formation of the concurrent system had a profound impact on the political situation of the Southern Song Dynasty,making the trend of the central institution combining military and political affairs more apparent.

关 键 词：南宋 三省 枢密院 执政 兼任体制 

分 类 号：K245[历史地理—历史学]