联合国“维和”话语和理念的构建机制及其作用评估  

The Construction Mechanism of United Nations Peacekeeping Discourses and the Evaluation of their Concepts and Effects

作　　者：马荣久[1,2] 魏璇[1] MA Rongjiu;WEI Xuan

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院 [2]山东大学全球治理与国际组织研究中心

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第8期114-127,155,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：联合国“维和”行动是“基于规则”的全球安全治理的重要组成部分。规则治理作为全球安全治理的主导方式,其有效性与合法性有赖话语及其承载的理念通过导向、动员和竞争机制发挥构建作用。“维持和平”“建设和平”“强制和平”等一整套话语及其承载的安全理念,引导国际社会对于“什么是(或不是)‘维和’”“如何进行‘维和’”等问题的认知性与规范性的思考和回答。以联合国及其机构和人员为施动者的话语沟通及其传播发挥动员作用,支撑相关理念发挥“说服力”“渗透力”,甚至是“强制力”。有关各方围绕理念、话语与话语权的竞争,既是联合国“维和”行动的重要组成部分,也是联合国“维和”机制和“维和”模式变化的推动力。从本质上看,联合国“维和”不是基于物质力量的“权力制衡”,也不是使用武力的“以暴制暴”,而是安全理念的倡导与话语的传播,并以此凝聚共识,构建有效的集体行动,从而维护和塑造地区与全球安全环境。当下存在复杂多样的安全理念以及话语的竞争,有效的全球安全治理和联合国“维和”行动,客观上要求有关各方不断扩大安全理念的契合点,推进安全理念的对接。United Nations“peacekeeping”operations are an important component of“rules-based”global security governance.As the dominant form of global security governance,the effectiveness and legitimacy of rulesbased governance depend on the constructive role of discourse and the concepts it carries through mechanisms of orientation,mobilization and competition.The set of discourses of“peacekeeping”,“peacebuilding”,and“peace enforcement”and the security concepts they carry guide the international community's cognitive and normative thinking and answers to“what peacekeeping is(or is not)”and“how to do peacekeeping”.Discourse communication and its dissemination,with the United Nations,its agencies and its personnel as the actors,play a mobilizing role,underpinning the persuasive,penetrative and even coercive power of the concepts concerned.Competition among all related parties around ideas,discourse and discursive power is not only an important part of UN peacekeeping,but also a driving force for changes in the mechanism and model of UN peacekeeping.In essence,UN peacekeeping is not a“balance of power”based on material force,nor is it a“violence against violence”.Instead,it advocates security concepts and the dissemination of discourse,through which consensus can be reached and effective collective action constructed,so as to maintain and shape the regional and global security environment.Nowadays,with complex and diverse security concepts and related discourse competition,effective global security governance and United Nations peacekeeping operations objectively require all related parties to continuously expand convergent points of security concepts and promote coordination of security concepts.

关 键 词：联合国 “维和”行动 安全治理 话语 理念 

分 类 号：D813[政治法律—国际关系]