立法设教:清代基层社会治理中的“礼法合治”  

Promoting Education Through Legislation:The“Rule of Rites and Laws”in Grassroots Social Governance in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：贾安琪 JIA Anqi

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第8期181-192,共12页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中华法系的‘大国治理’:维护统一的‘法律之治’研究”(项目编号:22JJD820021)的阶段性成果,并受“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(资助编号:GZC20231225)资助。

摘　　要：中国古代“大一统”观念强调国家统一与中央集权,以“治出于上”为根本原则,追求“六合同风,九州共贯”的理想社会秩序。在“大一统”观念影响下,“礼法合治”的治理模式也形成了立法设教的历史传统,通过制度与法律保障“礼法合治”秩序功能的实现成为历代统治者教化天下的基本立场。清朝统治者借鉴前朝政治法律实践经验,重视礼仪教化在社会治理中发挥的作用,强化国家法律对基层社会的控制。通过“礼制下移”“官法同构”两种并行不悖的制度建构模式,完善制度供给、提高治理效能,引导基层社会形成符合官方倡导的伦理道德秩序,维持社会秩序的和谐、稳定。清朝基于“国家主义”立场形成的秩序构建路径,对当今社会在法治轨道上推进基层治理能力现代化仍具镜鉴价值。The concept of“Great Unity”in ancient China emphasized national unity and centralization,with the fundamental principle of“ruling power being controlled by rulers”.It pursued an ideal social order where“customs were the same throughout the country and policies and laws were unified”.Under the influence of“Great Unity”,the governance model of“Rule of Rites and Laws”has also formed a historical tradition of promoting education through legislation.The realization of the order function of“Rule of Rites and Laws”through institutional and legal protection has become the basic stance of rulers throughout history to educate the world.The rulers of the Qing Dynasty drew on the political and legal practice experience of the previous dynasties,valued the role of etiquette education in social governance,and strengthened the control of national laws over grassroots society.Through the two parallel institutional construction models of“downward shift of ritual system”and“identity between bureaucratic establishment and legal system”,rulers aimed to improve institutional supply,enhance governance efficiency,guide grassroots society to form an ethical and moral order that is in line with official advocacy,and maintain harmony and stability in social order.The order construction path formed by the Qing Dynasty based on the“nationalism”stance still has reference value for promoting the modernization of grassroots governance capacity in today's society on the track of the rule of law.

关 键 词：“大一统” 礼法合治 国家主义 基层治理 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]