南方主要河流水沙变化及人类活动的影响  

Variations of water and sediment and impact of human activities in major rivers in southern China

作　　者：王延贵[1] 吴钰川 刘焕永 陈康 WANG Yangui;WU Yuchuan;LIU Huanyong;CHEN Kang(International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Shandong Provincial Hydraulic Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048 [2]山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司,山东济南250013

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2024年第5期16-22,共7页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：社会公益类科研机构改革专项(沙标准修订ZL02242201);国家自然科学基金项目(U2243213);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0113800)。

摘　　要：为了解我国南方河流的水沙变化及主要成因,利用Mann-Kendall检验法和水文量累积曲线法,分析了南方主要河流代表站径流量和输沙量的变化特征,探讨了影响南方河流水沙变化的主要因素。结果表明,长江、珠江、钱塘江和闽江等南方河流代表站年径流量都没有显著的变化态势;除钱塘江代表站外年输沙量都有显著减少趋势;钱塘江2016—2020年为平水平沙期,2011—2020年为平水多沙期,其他河流2016—2020年和2011—2020年均为平水少沙期;影响南方河流水沙变化的人类活动包括水库拦沙、水土保持措施、河道采砂、流域过度建设等,其中水库拦沙是南方河流减沙的主要措施,水土保持措施在南方河流减沙过程中发挥了重要作用,河道采砂对河道减沙也发挥了一定的作用。In order to understand the variations and causes of water and sediment in major rivers in southern China,the variation characteristics of runoff and sediment load at representative stations are analyzed and main influencing factors are investigated using the Mann-Kendall test method and the hydrological accumulation curve method.The results show that the annual runoff at representative stations of the main southern rivers such as the Yangtze River,the Pearl River,the Qiantang River and the Minjiang River has no significant change trend.The annual sediment load at representative stations in the southern rivers has a significant decreasing trend except for the Qiantang River.The Qiantang River experienced a normal runoff and sediment load period from 2016 to 2020,and a normal runoff and high sediment load period from 2011 to 2020.However,the other rivers experienced a normal runoff and low sediment load period from 2016 to 2020 and from 2011 to 2020.The main factors affecting runoff and sediment load include reservoir sediment retention,water and soil conservation measures,sand mining from rivers,and excessive construction.Among them,reservoir sediment retention is the main measure responsible for sediment reduction in southern rivers,water and soil conservation measures play an important role,and sand mining from rivers also plays a certain role in river sediment reduction.

关 键 词：南方河流 水沙变化 水库拦沙 水土保持 河道采砂 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]