《民法典》第1000条(消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉等民事责任的承担)评注  

Commentary on Article 1000 of the Civil Code:Assumption of Civil Liability for Eliminating Impact,Restoring Reputation,and Making Apology,etc

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] ZHU Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第5期133-146,共14页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：《民法典》第1000条规定了人格权侵害场合消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉等非财产责任承担方式,应当与侵害行为的具体方式和造成的影响范围相当,这与财产责任场合的损害填补原则具有同一性,符合侵权责任损害救济的基本理念。由于这里的“相当”属于不确定概念,因此在具体判断上应当由法官综合案涉诸考量因素进行利益权衡确定。为了使法官利益权衡的法律效果评价过程去神秘化而具有可反驳性,可以通过阶层构造清晰的比例原则的四阶分析法来认定这里的相当性。当责任人拒绝履行生效裁判文书确定的义务时,可以通过替代执行的方式来解决非财产责任执行难的问题,因此产生的费用使申请执行人取得了向被执行人主张支付费用的请求权。Article 1000 of the Civil Code outlines the ways in which non-pecuniary liability is to be undertaken for situations involving harm elimination,reputation restoration,and offering of apologies in cases of infringement upon personality rights.These modes of liability should be commensurate with the specific nature of the infringing actions and the scope of their impact.This aligns with the principle of compensating for damages in pecuniary liability cases and is in harmony with the foundational principles of tort liability remedies.As the term'commensurate'constitutes an indefinite concept,its precise application should necessitate judges to engage in a comprehensive analysis of various factors to achieve a judicious balance of interests.To demystify the process of judicial interest balancing and make it more justifiably transparent,the concept of'commensurate'can be elucidated through a structured fourtier proportionality analysis method.In cases where the party responsible for the infringement refuses to fulfill the obligations outlined in legally binding judgments,resolving the difficulties in enforcing non-pecuniary liability can be facilitated through alternative execution methods.The costs incurred in such processes grant the party seeking execution the right to claim reimbursement from the non-complying party.

关 键 词：消除影响 恢复名誉 赔礼道歉 相当 非财产责任 比例原则 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]