电信网络诈骗案刑事判决中责令退赔裁决的域外执行研究——以国际私法为视角  

Research on the Path of Extraterritorial Enforcement of the Award of Refund in the Criminal Judgment of Telecom Network Fraud Cases

作　　者：薛松 XUE Song

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第5期147-160,共14页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：打击治理电信网络诈骗逐步成为全球性难题,犯罪所得支付转移能力的国际化、职业化、智能化趋势日趋明显,给跨境追赃工作带来明显挑战。我国电信网络诈骗案件刑事判决中有关责令退赔的裁决,实质上具有民商事裁判的属性。国际法、国内法均倡导统筹实现公法、私法的充分救济,更好保障被害人合法财产权益。我国公检法等办案机关可以在通过国际公法追赃挽损的同时,通过明确我国刑事判决中责令退赔裁决的返还不当得利请求权基础,更好发挥国际私法追赃挽损的作用。依托正在谈判的联合国《打击网络犯罪公约》和海牙国际私法会议《承认与执行外国民商事判决公约》等国际公约,推动我国与其他国家、区域性国际组织缔结民商事司法协助条约,推动内地法系国家、普通法系国家承认与执行我国责令退赔裁决的案例。通过探索完善我国电信网络诈骗案件刑事判决中责令退赔裁决的域外执行路径,实现依托国际刑事和民商事司法协助机制追赃挽损的“两手抓、两手硬”。Addressing and governing telecommunications network fraud is progressively recognized as a formidable global quandary.The increasing internationalization,professionalization,and sophistication of the transfer capabilities of criminally obtained proceeds present distinct challenges to the pursuit of cross-border asset recovery.In the criminal judgment of telecom network fraud cases in China,the ruling on the order of refund and compensation has the attribute of civil and commercial judgment in essence.Both international law and domestic law advocate the full relief of public law and private law as a whole,so as to better protect the legitimate property rights and interests of victims.The Law enforcement agencies can make better use of the international private law,while apply the international public law at the same time,by clarifying the basis of the claim for the return of the ruling of the order of refund and compensation in our criminal judgment.First,it relies on international conventions such as the UN Convention on Countering the Use of Information and Communications Technologies for Criminal Pruposes and HCCH Judgement Convention.The second is to promote the conclusion of treaties on judicial assistance in civil and commercial matters between China and other countries and regional international organizations.The third is to promote the civil law system countries,common law system countries to recognize and implement the case of China's order to return and compensate.By exploring and improving the extraterritorial execution path of the ruling of the order of return and compensation in the criminal judgment of telecom network fraud cases in China,to robust strategy through international criminal and civil/commercial judicial cooperation mechanisms.

关 键 词：诈骗 刑事判决 协作 执行 国际私法 

分 类 号：D924.35[政治法律—刑法学] D997.9[政治法律—法学]