东汉雅音地域特色的创新音变考察——以支、脂部相通为例  

Innovative sound change in the regional Yayin(雅音)of Eastern Han Dynasty:On the merge of zhi(支)and zhi(脂)rhyme groups

作　　者：边田钢 BIAN Tiangang

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/汉语言研究所,杭州

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第5期520-528,638,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“东汉河洛雅音的重建与历时比较研究”(22CYY029)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：方音特色的本质是方言音系间的结构性差异,是方言创新音变的结果。支、脂部相通现象在东汉河洛、齐鲁雅音中均有呈现,但河洛雅音仅限于四等韵,齐鲁雅音则包括三、四等韵。相同音类关系在不同音系中所呈现出的语音条件差异,不仅是方音特色的重要内容,还是揭示方言创新音变的切入点。两地雅音都有的支、脂部四等韵相通,是继承自早期共同语的共同创新,音变机制为支_(齐)^(*)ee>ii元音高化,与脂_(齐)^(*)ii合流。支、脂部三等韵相通,则是齐鲁雅音的独立创新,音变机制为支_(支)^(*)e>i元音高化,与脂_(脂)^(*)i合流。河洛雅音支支、脂脂、之_(之)三分格局为中古《切韵》音系所继承。齐鲁雅音支_(支)、脂_(脂)合流格局可能是中古北方“以紫为姊”音系格局的源头。Regional phonological characteristics,in essence,exhibit structural differences between dialects,which further lead to dialectal innovative sound change.The merge of zhi(支)and zhi(脂)rhyme groups can be found in the Eastern Han Yayin(雅音,lingua franca)of two regions:One between the Yellow River and the Luoshui River(the Heluo region),and the other in the present Shandong province(the Qilu region).However,such a merge is only attested in the fourth division in Heluo Yayin and limited to the third and fourth divisions in Qilu Yayin.The merge in fourth division was inherited from the earlier lingua franca,with^(*)ee>ii vowel raising in the zhi(支)rhyme thus becoming the same as the^(*)i of zhi(脂)rhyme.The merge in third division is peculiar to Qilu Yayin,with^(*)e>i vowel raising in the zhi(支)rhyme thus joining the*i of zhi(脂)rhyme.This tripartite pattern was later inherited by the Qieyun system of Middle Chinese.Besides,the merge of zhi(支)and zhi(脂)rhyme in third division in Qilu Yayin could be the source of zi(紫)and zi(姊)sharing the same sound in northern Middle Chinese.

关 键 词：东汉 河洛雅音 齐鲁雅音 地域特色 创新音变 《切韵》音系 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]