上海市就业人群的时间利用行为特征与影响因素研究  

Research on time use behavior patterns and influencing factors of employed people in Shanghai

作　　者：焦健 王德[2,3] 程英 JIAO Jian;WANG De;CHENG Ying(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwestern University,Xi'an 710127,China;College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Digital Planning Research Center of Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200092,China;Survey Office of the National Bureau of Statistics in Shanghai,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [3]上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司数字规划研究中心,上海200092 [4]国家统计局上海调查总队,上海200003

出　　处：《地理研究》2024年第9期2370-2391,共22页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52378069)。

摘　　要：时间利用是洞察居民生活方式,研究活动与出行规律的重要维度。我国时间利用调查与研究起步较晚,尚处于发展与积累阶段。本研究采用2018年上海市时间利用调查数据,研究就业人群时间利用行为特征及其影响因素,研究发现:①上海市就业人群现阶段用于维持生理与生存的时间多、闲暇时间少,日常活动时间分布的规律性较强,总体围绕朝8晚6的工作时间节奏展开。②上海市就业人群社会经济属性与工作、家务照料、闲暇时间分配的关系与已有发现有一致性,女性、养育儿童、部分体力型职业等人群因工作或家务照料压力而闲暇时间少,并提前或推后起床、离岗时间;但性别与养育儿童对通勤时间的影响不显著,不支持家庭责任假说中女性通勤时间短于男性等假设。③郊区与中心城区就业人群的时间利用行为有显著差异,这既源于人群属性差异,也与居住空间环境密切相关。研究成果深化了对中国大城市就业人群时间利用模式的理解,为我国时间利用研究提供了研究基础与经验。Time use is a crucial dimension for studying residents'lifestyles,daily activity patterns,and travel behavior.In China,time use surveys and research are still in their early stages of development,with limited systematic studies on the time use behavior of the employed population.This study utilizes data from the 2018 Shanghai Time Use Survey to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of time use behavior among the employed population.The results show that:(1)Employed residents in Shanghai currently spend more time on maintenance and survival activities but less time on leisure activities.Their daily activity patterns demonstrate strong regularity,with work activities generally following an 8 am to 6 pm schedule.(2)The relationship between socioeconomic attributes and time allocation for work,household care,and leisure activities among Shanghai's employed residents is consistent with previous findings.Women,individuals raising children,and those in certain manual occupations have less leisure time due to work or household care pressures,and their rest and work schedules are earlier or later than the regular schedule.However,gender and child-rearing do not significantly affect commuting time,challenging the household responsibility hypothesis that women have shorter commuting times than men.(3)There are significant differences in the time use behavior of employed residents in suburban and central city areas,due to both demographic differences and the residential spatial environment.Employed residents in the outskirts of the central city experience longer commuting times due to job-housing imbalance.Suburban workers have a higher proportion of manual occupations and longer working hours.Employed residents in Chongming exhibit characteristics of an aging population engaged in agricultural production,with the shortest work and commuting times,and their rest and work schedules are significantly earlier than those in the central city.By comprehensively analyzing the time use behavior of employed residents wi

关 键 词：时间分配 时间节奏 影响因素 时间利用调查 上海市 

分 类 号：C913.3[经济管理] C913.2[社会学]