儿童家庭住宅中VOCs浓度及其来源分析  

Concentrations and Sources of Vocs in Occupied Residences with Children

作　　者：王丽芳 李琼 何丽娟[2] SUNDELL Jan 张寅平[3] WANG Lifang;LI Qiong;HE Lijuan;SUNDELL Jan;ZHANG Yinping(Architectural Engineering College,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Langfang 065201,Hebei,China;School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou O14010,Inner Mongolia,China;Department of Building Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing100084,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院建筑工程学院,河北廊坊065201 [2]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [3]清华大学建筑技术科学系,北京100084

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第8期185-192,共8页Building Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费“室内微环境增塑剂污染特征及职业/非职业健康风险评价研究”(3142020021);“建筑安全与应急技术应用研究”(3142021010);国家自然科学基金项目“室内半挥发性有机物污染控制中的关键工程热物理问题研究”(51136002)。

摘　　要：室内挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是危害儿童健康的主要污染物之一。本文调查了包头市123户学龄前儿童家庭住宅内VOCs浓度水平及其可能的来源。该研究是全国性调研“中国室内环境与儿童健康研究(China,Children,Homes,Health,简称CCHH)”中的一部分。研究结果显示,16种VOCs(检出率超过30%)为本调查对象的主要污染物。除苯的检出率达100%,超标率为2.4%外,其他种类VOCs均未超标。TVOC浓度范围为3.20~1297.1μg/m^(3),超标率为5%。采暖期VOCs浓度显著高于非采暖期,9种芳香族化合物在不同装修年限下存在显著性差异。通过主成分分析发现4个因子与VOCs来源相关,分别是室外机动车尾气排放、室内溶剂的散发、室内地板或皮革抛光剂的散发、室内杀虫剂或除臭剂的使用,且与非参数检验方法(Kruskal-Wallis检验)结果一致。本研究为深入认识西部干燥地区家庭住宅室内VOCs污染控制及风险评估提供科学参考。Indoor Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are one of the main pollutants endangering children's health.This paper investigated the concentration levels and potential sources of VOCs in 123 pre-school children's homes in Baotou,China.This study was a part of an epidemiological multiple-center study of asthma and allergies among children(China,Children,Homes,Health,CCHH).The research results showed that 16 kinds of VOCs,whose with detection rates are of more thanover 30%,are the main pollutants in this survey.The detection rates of all kinds of VOCs did not exceed the national standard except benzene,whose detection rate was 100%and standard-exceeding ratio was 2.4%.Overall,the concentration of total VOCs(TVOC)ranged from 3.20~1297.1μg/m^(3),with standard-exceeding ratio of 5%of the samples over the concentration of national standards.The concentrations of VOCs during the heating seasons was were significantly higher than that during the non-heating seasons.There were significant differences in the nine aromatic compounds under different decoration years.Four factors were found to be related to the source of VOCs through the principal component analysis,namely outdoor motor vehicle exhaust emissions,indoor solvent emissions,indoor floor or leather polishing agent emissions,and indoor use of insecticide and deodorant.And the results were consistent with the non-parametric test method(Kruskal Wallis test).This study provides a scientific reference for a deeper understanding of indoor VOCs pollution control and risk assessment in dry residential areas in western China.

关 键 词：家庭住宅 VOCS 室内环境 影响因素 污染源 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TU111.19