单能中子产生技术与参考辐射场现状  

Present Status of Monoenergetic Neutron Production Technology and Reference Radiation Fields

作　　者：李凡 张辉[1] 王平全 张亚楠 LI Fan;ZHANG Hui;WANG Pingquan;ZHANG Yanan(National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《计量科学与技术》2024年第9期20-31,共12页Metrology Science and Technology

基　　金：中国计量科学研究院基本科研业务费(AKYZZ2239)。

摘　　要：中子是研究原子核结构、核反应规律、粒子物理、天体物理和物质结构的重要工具,广泛应用于能源、材料、生命科学、医疗健康、辐射防护和半导体等领域。其中,单能中子在电离辐射计量和核能应用领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,因此各国国家计量院和核科学研究机构均建有单能中子参考辐射场。中国计量科学研究院将在未来3至5年内新建这一装置,以完善我国中子计量体系,开展中子物理基础研究和服务各界对单能中子的相关需求。基于最新版本的ISO 8529-1:2021,针对中国计量科学研究院建设单能中子参考辐射场的需求,梳理和计算了单能中子领域最常用的五种核反应在中子能量、中子产额、中子角分布和伴生γ射线本底等方面的参数,整理了现有单能中子参考辐射场的概况和特点,介绍了单能中子参考辐射场常用的主要设备,并给出了中国计量科学研究院拟建单能中子参考辐射场的重要参数。Neutrons are essential tools for studying nuclear structure,nuclear reaction laws,particle physics,astrophysics,and material structure.They are widely applied in fields such as energy,materials,life sciences,medical health,radiation protection,and semiconductors.Monoenergetic neutrons,in particular,play an increasingly crucial role in ionizing radiation metrology and nuclear energy applications.Consequently,national metrology institutes and nuclear research facilities worldwide have established monoenergetic neutron reference radiation fields.The National Institute of Metrology,China(NIM)plans to construct such a facility within the next 3 to 5 years to enhance China's neutron metrology system,conduct fundamental neutron physics research,and meet the diverse needs for monoenergetic neutrons across various sectors.Based on the latest ISO 8529-1:2021 standard and in response to NIM's requirements for building a monoenergetic neutron reference radiation field,this paper reviews and calculates parameters for the five most common nuclear reactions used in monoenergetic neutron production.These parameters include neutron energy,neutron yield,neutron angular distribution,and accompanyingγ-ray background.The paper also summarizes the current status and characteristics of existing monoenergetic neutron reference radiation fields,introduces the primary equipment commonly used in these fields,and provides important parameters for the proposed monoenergetic neutron reference radiation field at NIM.

关 键 词：计量学 单能中子 参考辐射场 加速器中子源 中子计量 中子能量 中子产额 

分 类 号：TB98[一般工业技术—计量学]