新质生产力政治经济学解读——基于生产力要素视角  

Interpretation of New Quality Productive Forces from the Perspective of Political Economy——Based on Productivity Factors

作　　者：徐政 牟春伟 李宗尧[1] XU Zheng;MOU Chun-wei;LI Zong-yao(Department of Economics,Party School of CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校经济学教研部,南京210009

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2024年第4期49-56,共8页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“强化就业优先政策、稳定和扩大就业研究”(21ZDA098)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新质生产力是劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的质变,是推动高质量发展的先进生产力。基于马克思主义政治经济学视角,对构成新质生产力系统的诸要素进行分析,可发现传统生产力要素及其组合的系统性新质化主要表现为:劳动者向知识化、主体化、协作化发展,劳动资料向智能化、高端化、绿色化升级,劳动对象向多元化、社会化、现代化转变,生产力要素组合不断优化,全要素生产率大幅提升。生产力要素的质性飞跃内生于生产力的内在矛盾运动以及生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动,科技与生产力的统一性规律则为科技创新加快新质生产力要素生成提供了理论依据。当前,新质生产力要素的生成主要面临着来自人才、技术、产业及体制机制等方面的现实挑战。未来加快形成和发展新质生产力,必须立足现实条件以生产力要素及其优化组合的质变为着力点,以科技创新为引领,打造新型劳动者队伍,掌握新型生产工具,塑造与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系。The new quality productive forces represent the qualitative change of laborers,labor materials,labor objects and their optimal combination,and are known as the advanced productive forces that promote high⁃quality development.Based on the perspective of Marxist political economy,this paper analyzes the factors that constitute the new quality produc⁃tive forces,and finds that the systematic new quality of the transformation of traditional productivity factors and their combi⁃nations can be mainly explained as follows:Workers are evolving towards knowledge,subjectivity,and collaboration;labor materials are evolving towards intelligence,high⁃end quality,and green nature;labor objects are evolving towards diversifi⁃cation,social orientation and modernization;the combination of factors of productivity is continuously optimized;the total⁃factor productivity has increased significantly.The qualitative leap of productive factors stems out of the internal contradic⁃tion movement of productive forces and the contradiction movement between productive forces and production relations.The unity law between science and technology and productive forces provides a theoretical basis for scientific and technological innovation to accelerate the generation of new quality productive factors.At present,the generation of new quality produc⁃tivity factors mainly faces the realistic challenges from the aspects of talent,technology,industry and institutional factors.In order to accelerate the formation and development of new quality productive forces in the future,we must rely on the ac⁃tual conditions,focus on the qualitative change of productivity factors and their optimal combination,take scientific and technological innovation as the lead,build a new type of labor force,master new production tools,and shape a new type of productive relations commensurate with new quality productive forces.

关 键 词：新质生产力 生产力要素 质变 科技创新 高质量发展 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学]