中国环境治理:以制度创新引领实践创新——以环境保护目标责任制为核心的考察  

China's Environmental Governance:Institutional Innovation Leading Practical Innovation--An Investigation Centered on Environmental Protection Target Responsibility System

作　　者：周光辉[1,2,3] 秦世达 ZHOU Guanghui;QIN Shida(School of Public Administration,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Research Center for Social Justice and Government,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Institute of National Governance Studies,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学社会公正与政府治理研究中心,吉林长春130012 [3]北京大学国家治理研究院,北京100871

出　　处：《行政论坛》2024年第4期47-57,共11页Administrative Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国式现代化新道路与人类文明新形态研究”(21AZD094);吉林大学哲学社会科学研究创新团队项目“中国式现代化道路的政治学阐释”(2022CXTD06)。

摘　　要：中国政府为应对现代化建设中出现的环境问题,通过创设环境保护目标责任制,走出了一条以制度创新引领环境治理实践创新的中国环境治理道路。党的十八大以来,中央政府通过以结果为导向的制度创新来加强注重实践绩效的制度供给,党政同责的制度创新为环境治理的开展与责任追究提供了有力支撑,确立以改善生态环境质量为核心的目标,明晰了环境治理的方向,“谁考核,谁监测”的环保监测体制创新保障了中央政府对地方政府环境治理的监督与考核。在新时代环境治理创新实践中,环境保护目标责任制形成了“主体责任-目标设定-绩效考核”的闭环运作,将制度优势转变为治理效能。中国环境治理的经验在于:以人民为中心的环保理念超越了西方国家因后物质主义环保理念所产生的价值撕裂;中国共产党领导的新型现代国家建设规避了西方国家因环境治理与政党政治周期不匹配所出现的治理困境;以制度创新引领实践创新的治理模式为环境治理持续推进提供了坚实的制度保障。To address environmental issues arising from modernization,Chinese government has established an environmental protection target responsibility system,forging a path of environmental governance characterized by institutional innovation leading practical innovations.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the central government has strengthened the institutional supply that focus on practical performance through result-oriented institutional innovation.The institutional innovation of both Party committees and governments assume responsibility has provided strong support for environmental governance and accountability.The goal innovation that focuses on improving the quality of the ecological environment has anchored the focus of environmental governance work.The innovation of the"who assesses,who monzitors"environmental monitoring system has ensured the central government's supervision and assessment of local government environmental governance.In the innovative practice of environmental governance in the new era,the environmental protection target responsibility system has formed a closedloop operation of""officials responsibility-target setting-performance evaluation",transforming institutional advantages into governance efficiency.From a comparative perspective,the experience of Chinese environmental governance lies in the following:the people-centered environmental protection concept surpasses the value fragmentation caused by the post-materialistic environmental concepts in the West;the new modern state construction led by the Communist Party of China allows it to avoid governance dilemmas faced by the West due to the mismatch between environmental governance and political Party cycles;the governance model of institutional innovation leading practical innovation provides a solid institutional guarantee for the continuous advancement of environmental governance.

关 键 词：环境治理 环境保护 目标责任制 新型现代国家 制度创新 实践创新 

分 类 号：D616[政治法律—政治学] X321[政治法律—中外政治制度]