巴西对中国的反倾销:特点、成因及应对策略——基于WTO背景下全部反倾销案件的研究  

Brazil's Anti-dumping against China:Characteristics,Causes and Countermeasures-An Analysis Based on All Cases in the WTO Context

作　　者：宋利芳[1,2] 史杰 秦一博 Song Lifang;Shi Jie;Qin Yibo

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学“一带一路”经济研究院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2024年第4期96-122,153,共28页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中国人民大学中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金区域国别学建设专项“构建‘人类命运共同体’的国际政治经济学研究”(编号:AS2022001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：巴西是中国在拉美地区的最大贸易伙伴,但同时也是该地区除阿根廷外对中国反倾销最多的国家。巴西频频对中国发起反倾销,不仅极大地阻碍了中巴贸易发展,也凸显了中国与拉美国家经贸关系中的核心问题。基于WT0背景下1995—2021年巴西对中国反倾销全部102个案件的分析,可发现巴西对中国反倾销的特点如下:中国是巴西反倾销的首要对象国;钢铁产品是巴西对中国反倾销涉案最多的产品;巴西对中国反倾销措施以征收从量税为主要方式,且反倾销税率长期居高不下;巴西对中国反倾销以实施暂停征税和不予执行最终反倾销措施而结案的原因复杂多样。巴西对中国反倾销频发的成因包括:巴西经济发展缓慢,未能跨过中等收入陷阱;中国对巴西出口贸易快速增长及在巴西进口贸易中的地位急剧攀升;中巴产业间贸易模式及其不对称贸易结构;巴西曾长期视中国为非市场经济国家。鉴此,中国的应对策略如下:增进中巴战略互信,深化两国发展战略对接;中国尽早同以巴西为主导的南方共同市场签署自贸协定;调整优化中巴贸易结构,实现中巴贸易高质量发展;扩大中国对巴西的直接投资和产能合作。Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and China's largest trading partner in the region.However,Brazil is,after Argentina,the second most anti-dumping country against China among the 33 regional countries.Brazil's frequent anti-dumping actions against China not only severely hamper the development of bilateral trade,but also highlight the core problems in China's economic relations with Latin American countries.Based on all 102 relevant cases from 1995 to 2021 under the WT0,the characteristics of Brazil's anti-dumping against China are found as follows:China has become the main target of Brazil's anti-dumping;steel products are most frequently involved in these cases;Brazil's anti-dumping against China is mainly based on the imposition of specific duties,and the duty rate has remained high for a long time.The reasons for Brazil's frequent anti-dumping actions against China include:Brazil's slow economic development and deep middle-income trap;China's export trade with Brazil has grown rapidly and its position in Brazil's import trade has skyrocketed;Sino-Brazilian inter-industry trade mode and asymmetric trade structure;Brazil has long treated China as a non-market economy.In view of this,China should respond with the following strategic measures:enhance strategic mutual trust between China and Brazil,and deepen the alignment of development strategies between the two countries;initiate free trade agreement negotiations with MERCOSUR led by Brazil so as to sign a free trade agreement as soon as possible;adjust the bilateral trade structure to achieve high-quality development of trade relations between the two countries;expand China's direct investment and production capacity cooperation in Brazil,with a focus on the steel industry.

关 键 词：反倾销 肖钢铁产品 中等收入陷阱 牛贸易结构 自贸协定 直接投资 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]