义和团运动中的王文韶——兼论庚子年诸政事  

Wang Wenshao in the Boxer Movement--A Discussion on the Political Affairs of 1900

作　　者：郑泽民 Zheng Zemin(School of History,Shandong University,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史学院、中国甲午战争博物院·山东大学国家革命文物协同研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第5期126-141,共16页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“晚清‘庚子西狩’研究”(23CZS051)。

摘　　要：义和团运动时期,王文韶是身兼枢、译两署的重臣,亲历亲闻了京中种种纷纭乱象。运动于京、津初兴时,王文韶的态度以韬晦为主,并不公开表态。至庚子年五月下旬,中外开衅已箭在弦上,王文韶终在御前会议上诤言入对。此举使其立时成为载漪、刚毅等保守势力铲除的目标,幸得慈禧、荣禄搭救,才免遭大难。由此亦可见,尽管载漪一派已如日中天,且控制了京畿防务,但慈禧不欲顾此失彼,而是在军机处与军务处系统中施行平衡之策。“西狩”启动之时,王文韶携军机大印艰难追扈三日,才与两宫会合,成为“西狩”前期最重要的枢臣,于维持行在政务、传递行在动态、参与电讯机制建设、主持“户政”及西北赈灾事务等诸端都发挥了关键作用。而王文韶在中枢与鹿传霖之间围绕夏震武弹劾案、“幸陕”、人事、俄约、回銮等问题上的矛盾,生动凸显了其政治领地意识,以及与盛宣怀的深刻联结,隐约可见“南北之争”的余绪。During the Boxer Movement,Wang Wenshao was an important official in both the central government and the ministry of translation.He witnessed in person and heard about all kinds of chaos in the capital city.At the onset of the Boxer Movement in Beijing and Tianjin,Wang Wenshao was cautious and noncommittal,refraining from making any public statements.As the conflict between China and foreign powers became imminent,Wang Wenshao finally of fered advice at an imperial court meeting.This move made him a target for elimination by the conservative force led by Zaiyi and Gangyi,but he was rescued by the intervention of Cixi and Ronglu.This incident also reveals that although Zaiyi’s faction was at its peak and controlled the defense of the capital,Cixi still sought to balance power within the systems of the Grand Council and the Military Affairs Department.When the event of“Xi Shou”was initiated,Wang Wenshao carried the Grand Council seal and chased for three days before he met with the imperial court.He became the most important minister during the early stage of the“Xi Shou”,and played a crucial role in maintaining government affairs,transmitting updates on the political situation,participating in the establishment of the telecommunications,overseeing the“household administration”,and managing disaster relief affairs in the Northwest.The conflicts between Wang Wenshao and Lu Chuanlin over issues such as the impeachment of Xia Zhenwu,the imperial visit to Xi’an,personnel appointments,treaties with Russia,and the return of the royal family to Beijing vividly highlighted Wang Wenshao’s consciousness of political territoriality and his deep connection with Sheng Xuanhuai,subtly reflecting the lingering tensions of the“North-South political dispute”.

关 键 词：王文韶 义和团运动 庚子“西狩” 晚清政局 行在军机处 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]