迁正黜色:试析居延新简EPT4:90所见“连小月”现象  

Qian Zheng Chu Se:The Lian Xiaoyue'Phenomenon in EPT4:90 of Juyan New Bamboo and Wooden Slips

作　　者：杨姚瑶 YANG Yaoyao(Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《江汉考古》2024年第4期152-160,共9页Jianghan Archaeology

摘　　要：1972~1974年甘肃甲渠候官(破城子)遗址出土的简EPT4∶90记载了较为少见的“连小月”现象,即连续两个月仅有二十九日。理论上根据秦汉时期的颛顼历和太初历,朔策均大于29又1/2日,在大小月的交替组合中产生的余数积累后出现“连大月”现象,与“连小月”相违背。由于中央颁朔至地方有一定的时间差和民间自行制历的存在,即使在武帝太初改历之后,地方上可能仍存在着各自的制历系统,在中央颁朔未到达的时间里填补用历的空白。本文推测如果两种历朔出现矛盾,则可通过调节月份长短予以弥合,由此产生“连小月”现象。地方性制历在调整月份大小、记日干支的过程中向中央颁布的历朔靠拢,从而纳入统一王朝的时间秩序中。From 1972 to 1974,Bamboo slip EPT4:90,unearthed from the site of the Jiaqu Houguan(Pochengzi)in Gansu Province,recorded a relatively rare phenomenon of"Lian Xiaoyue(continued small months)",which was only twenty-nine days in two consecutive months.Theoretically,according to the Zhuanxu Calendar and the Taichu Calendar in the Qin and Han Dynasties,the month length was greater than 29 and 1/2 days.After the accumulating remainder of the combination of the big and small months,the phenomenon of"continued big months"appeared,and it was impossible to appear"continued small months".Due to the time difference between the central authorities and the local people and the existence of local calendars,even afer Emperor Wu's calendar reformation,there may still be a local system to fill the blank time before the central government arrived.The paper speculates that if there were contradictions between the two calendars,it could be bridged by adjusting the length of the month,resulting in the phenomenon of"continued small months".The local calendar was compromised by adjusting the length of the month and the Chinese Era,and thus,it was incorporated into the time order of the unified dynasty.

关 键 词：居延新简 连小月 历法 颛顼历 太初历 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]