优才选拔与培育的成绩导向及其误区  

GPA Orientation and Its Misconceptions in the Selection and Cultivation of Talents

作　　者：阎光才[1] YAN Guangcai

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第2期2-24,187,共24页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“高水平大学的教师偏好、行为与工作表现研究”(72174063);华东师范大学教育学高峰学科建设计划项目。

摘　　要：优才在任何社会都是宝贵的资源,优才禀赋具有一定的生物学属性,更需要后天环境与条件的支持;关于优才的识别与培育却始终是个难题,众多研究表明,无论智商还是学业成绩表现,都难以构成从学校学优到社会绩优的可预测变量。本文通过对不同招录方式博士生人群的主观感受与学术活力的研究发现,经过严格学业成绩(GPA)排序获得资格的本科直接攻读博士生群体并没有表现出相对优势,甚至在学术激情与抱负等方面较弱。教育过程中优才的选拔与培育需要淡化单一成绩导向,在面向全体、尊重个人禀赋与偏好、加强引导、尊重个人选择、实现差异性与个性化教育的同时,应适当降低优才选拔的成绩门槛、扩大人才池,为天才乃至更多具有发展潜质的人群创造机会。Talents are a precious resource in any society,with certain biological attributes,but they require support from the environment.However,the identification and cultivation of talents have always been a challenge.Numerous studies have shown that neither intelligence nor academic performance(GPA)can reliably predict a student's transition from academic excellence to social success.This study,through research on the subjective perceptions and academic vitality of different groups of doctoral students admitted through various approaches,found that undergraduate students admitted directly to doctoral programs based on academic scores did not demonstrate relative advantages and even showed weaknesses in academic passion and ambition compared to others.This insight suggests that the selection and cultivation of talent in the educational process should move away from a single academic performance orientation.By focusing on inclusivity,respecting individual talents and preferences,providing targeted guidance,respecting personal choices,and implementing differentiated and personalized education,while appropriately lowering the performance threshold for talent selection,we can expand the talent pool and create more opportunities for geniuses and many others with potential for development.

关 键 词：优才 选拔 学业成绩 自主选择 

分 类 号：G642.471[文化科学—高等教育学]