关于京汉铁路工人大罢工几个问题的历史考察  

A Historical Investigation into Several Issues Related to the General Strike of Beijing-Hankou Railway Workers

作　　者：梁家贵 杨雨晨 LIANG Jia-gui;YANG Yu-chen

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,安徽阜阳236037

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期31-47,123,共18页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国共产党工人运动记忆史整理与研究1921-1956”(项目编号:23BDJ079)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于李大钊在京汉铁路工人大罢工中的作用以及他与吴佩孚、白坚武的关系、参与罢工的张国焘等人的作为、京汉铁路总工会成立大会人数等问题,学术界的相关研究还存在薄弱环节甚至盲点。经考察可知,李大钊是早期京汉铁路工人力量的重要培育者和发动者,他利用好友白坚武为吴佩孚高级幕僚的条件,与吴佩孚三次会晤,为京汉铁路工人以及北方地区工人运动的蓬勃发展提供了坚强有力的保障。李大钊对吴佩孚始终保持着清醒的认识,但未预料到大罢工的突然爆发以及吴佩孚的迅速变脸。大罢工爆发时,李大钊正在武汉;“二七”惨案后,他被迫到上海避难。李大钊强烈谴责吴佩孚的暴行,并因此与好友白坚武断交。张国焘等中共党员参加了京汉铁路工人总工会成立大会,组织领导了京汉铁路大罢工,并分别到汉口、长辛店指挥罢工斗争。Weak points,even blind spots,still exist in the academic research on Li Dazhao's role in the general strike of Beijing-Hankou railway workers and his relationships with Wu Peifu and Bai Jianwu,on the participants like Zhang Guotao and on the number of attendees at the founding meeting of the Workers' Union of Beijing-Hankou railway.According to the careful investigation,it is evident that Li Dazhao played a crucial role as an early cultivator and mobilizer of labor forces on the Beijing-Hankou railway.Leveraging his friendship with Bai Jianwu,who served as a senior aide to Wu Peifu,Li Dazhao held three meetings with Wu Peifu,providing robust support for the vibrant development of the workers' movement on the Beijing-Hankou railway and in the northern region.While maintaining a clear understanding of Wu Peifu,Li Dazhao failed to anticipate the sudden outbreak of the general strike and Wu Peifu's rapid change of stance.When the strike started,Li Dazhao was in Wuhan;following the " February 7th" tragedy,he was forced to seek refuge in Shanghai.He strongly condemned Wu Peifu's atrocities and broke off his friendship with Bai Jianwu.Members of Communist Party of China like Zhang Guotao participated in the founding meeting of the Workers' Union of Beijing-Hankou railway and organized and led the general strike of Beijing-Hankou railway,directing the strike in Hankou and Changxindian respectively.

关 键 词：京汉铁路大罢工 李大钊 白坚武 张国焘 

分 类 号：K261[历史地理—历史学]