贵金属气凝胶的可控制备及其电催化与表面增强拉曼散射应用  

Controlled Synthesis of Noble Metal Aerogels and Their Applications in Electrocatalysis and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

作　　者：李一 翁蓓蓓 赵静雯 杜然[1,2] Li Yi;Weng Beibei;Zhao Jingwen;Du Ran(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Tangshan Research Institute,Beijing Institute of Technology,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学唐山研究院,唐山063000

出　　处：《化学学报》2024年第7期805-818,共14页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(2232063);国家自然科学基金(22202009);大学生创新创业训练项目(BIT2023LH083);北京理工大学研究生科研水平和创新能力提升专项计划(2023YCXY040)资助.

摘　　要：贵金属气凝胶(NMAs)是一类由纳米结构贵金属构筑的新型气凝胶,于2009年被首次报道.NMAs拥有大量的催化/光学活性位点、丰富的电子/物质传输通道以及三维多孔网络结构,在电催化、检测传感等领域表现出极优异的性能.作为一类新兴材料,NMAs的可控制备存在很大挑战,制约了应用研究.在过去数年间,作者课题组从理论、实验两方面对贵金属体系的溶胶-凝胶原理进行了深入研究.基于此,发展了诸如特异性离子效应、过量还原剂、力场扰动、冻融诱导等多种制备策略,拓展了材料的组成与结构多样性,获得了多种高性能电催化剂.借助NMAs的光学性质,进一步开辟了其光电催化方向及其在表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)领域的应用,使其潜力得到进一步发挥.本研究评论将对NMAs的制备原理、可控制备方法及其在电催化与SERS领域的应用研究进行梳理,并对其未来研究方向进行简要展望.Noble metal aerogels(NMAs)are an emerging class of porous materials that are entirely constructed by one or more kinds of nanostructured noble metals including gold(Au),silver(Ag),palladium(Pd),platinum(Pt),ruthenium(Ru),rhodium(Rh),osmium(Os),and iridium(Ir).They feature attributes of both nanostructured noble metals(e.g.,high catalytic activity,high electrical conductivity,and special optical properties)and aerogels(e.g.,self-standing architecture,large specific surface area,abundant pores,and robust 3D networked structure).Therefore,since their discovery in 2009,NMAs have displayed tremendous potential in fields ranging from(electro)catalysis,battery electrodes,biosensing,plasmonic technologies,and environment remediation.However,as young materials,the investigation of NMAs is far from sufficient.Controlled synthesis is the basis for new materials that dictate how far they can reach.The sol-gel behavior of the metal system is distinct from that of conventional gel systems,thus requiring additional studies.However,the fundamental understanding of the fabrication process and thus the structure/composition control for NMAs are largely overlooked.In this context,our team has been focusing on developing effective fabrication strategies based on an in-depth understanding of the gelation mechanisms as well as the roles played by each component in the reaction.To this end,we have pioneered realizing ligament size control,unveiling the reductant chemistry,unlocking the ligand chemistry,and achieving minute-scale rapid gelation by counter-intuitionally introducing force fields.We aim to eventually realize arbitrary manipulation of the composition and structure of NMAs,which is critical for paving the way for their further development.After gaining sufficient control capacity for NMAs,then we go for exploring their applications.It is crucial to select appropriate scenarios according to their unique attributes,so as to fully exert their potential and eventually find their disruptive application directions.Inheriting featu

关 键 词：气凝胶 溶胶-凝胶 纳米结构 电催化 表面增强拉曼散射 

分 类 号：TQ427.26[化学工程] O643.36[理学—物理化学] O657.38[理学—化学]