三类典型生态破坏案件环境损害评估过程差异性分析  

Differences in the environmental damage assessment process of three types of typical ecological damage cases

作　　者：李实 储兰 刘峰[3] 丁宁[3] 吴钢[3] 焦文涛[3] 张晴 吕俊岗 LI Shi;CHU Lan;LIU Feng;DING Ning;WU Gang;JIAO Wentao;ZHANG Qing;LÜJungang(Beijing Procuratorial Science and Technology Center,Beijing 100005,China;Procuratoral Technology and Information Research Center,Supreme People′s Procuratorate,Beijing 100144,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]北京检察科技中心,北京100005 [2]最高人民检察院检察技术信息研究中心,北京100144 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7569-7576,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察技术信息研究中心基本科研课题项目(JBKY20221007)。

摘　　要：国家不断完善生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼制度的同时,全国生态环境损害案件呈逐年递增趋势。司法和生态环境管理部门等在判罚生态环境损害案件时,面临生态环境损害基线、实物量化、价值量化等难以确定的专业性问题,生态环境损害鉴定不同阶段的差异性难以区分。研究按照损害程度对森林纵火和盗伐林木、违法建设和非法占地、非法采矿三类生态破坏案件进行分类讨论,统计分析了三类生态破坏案件的关键要素指标,阐明了生态环境损害鉴定评估过程的差异性。结果表明,三类案件的差异性主要体现在基线选取对象上,三类案件可能涉及植被、土壤、地下水等指标的一种或多种;森林纵火和盗伐林木、违法建设和占地、非法采矿三类案件在植被破坏和土壤破坏两方面破坏程度都表现出逐渐加重的趋势,水平方向的损害范围易受周边环境影响,纵向从土壤表层向深层土壤破坏逐渐加深,恢复难度逐渐加大;在生态恢复工程选择上,除生态恢复外还需根据破坏程度额外考虑对地表建筑物或压占物清除或矿坑的回填及复垦;永久性损害或基本恢复不可实施时也可考虑其他替代性恢复方案,如认购“碳汇”等新手段。研究可为提高生态环境损害鉴定评估工作的科学性、规范性和可操作性提供理论指导。As the country continues to improve the ecological environment compensation system and environmental public interest litigation system,there has been a notable annual increase in the number of national ecological environment damage cases.Judicial and ecological environment management departments face significant challenges when adjudicating and penalizing these cases,particularly in establishing the baseline,physical quantification,and value quantification of ecological environment damage.These difficulties are further compounded during the environmental damage identification process,where distinguishing the variances across different evaluation stages proves to be a complex task.The research delves into three categories of ecological damage incidents:forest arson and illegal logging,illegal construction and illegal land occupation,and illegal land mining.By categorizing these cases based on the extent of damage,the study statistically analyzes the key element indicators associated with each type of ecological damage.It elucidates the distinctions in the procedures of ecological environment damage identification and assessment for different types of cases.The results highlight that the disparities among the three case types primarily manifest in the selection of baseline objects,potentially encompassing one or more indicators such as vegetation,soil,and groundwater.The three categories-forest arson or illegal logging,illegal construction or illegal land occupation,and illegal land mining-demonstrate a progressive intensification in the extent of vegetation and soil damage.The horizontal impact range is notably susceptible to the influence of the surrounding environment,while the vertical damage extends from the soil surface to deeper layers,progressively deepening and thus escalating the difficulty of recovery.In selecting the program of ecological restoration projects,considerations extend beyond mere ecological restoration.They encompass the additional removal of surface structures or occupying objects,even the

关 键 词：生态环境损害 森林纵火和盗伐林木 违法建设和非法占地 非法采矿 差异性分析 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]