黄土高原农户生计脆弱性与生态退化的空间关系——以陕西省佳县为例  

Spatial relationship between livelihoods vulnerability and habitat degradation on the Loess Plateau:a case study of Jiaxian County,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：叶文丽 王银 杨晴青 石育中 唐红林 杨新军 YE Wenli;WANG Yin;YANG Qingqing;SHI Yuzhong;TANG Honglin;YANG Xinjun(Tourism College,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of urban and environment science,northwest university,shaanxi key laboratory of earth surface system and environmental carrying capacity,Xi′an 710127,China;Northwest Land and Resource Research Center,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China;College of Geography and Environmental,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学旅游学院,兰州730070 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [3]陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,西安710119 [4]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7577-7588,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41771574,42001202)。

摘　　要：人类活动与生态环境间的复杂反馈关系始终处于动态变化之中,探究农户生计与生态环境的关系对推进乡村振兴战略和生态环境保护具有重要现实意义。以黄土高原典型生态脆弱区佳县为例,在对农户生计脆弱性和生态退化度进行动态评估的基础上,尝试通过耦合协调度模型探究二者之间的关系和作用机理。结论如下:(1)1990—2020年佳县户生计脆弱性和生境退化度呈现持续降低态势,这与农户生计方式转型密切相关;(2)从耦合协调类型上看,衰退失调型和濒临失调型村庄占比均持续降低,基本协调型和高度协调型占比均波动增加。从耦合差异类型上看,生计脆弱突出型和共损型占比均波动降低,生态退化突出型和同步型占比均增加;(3)农户是乡村社会-生态系统的主要行为主体,生态环境为农户提供资源和生存空间,农户作为乡村主要管理主体,其生计活动将对生态环境产生正向或负向影响。不同生计方式对生态系统的影响具有显著差异性,引导农户生计非农多样化发展对生态环境保护具有正向促进作用。The complex feedback between human activities and ecological environment is always in dynamic change,especially in rural system.Farmers are connected to the ecosystem to meet their livelihood needs,and the two are interdependent and affect each other.It is of great practical significance to explore the relationship between them for promoting rural revitalization strategy and ecological protection.Taking Jiaxian County,a typical ecologically fragile area on the Loess Plateau as an example,this paper attempts to explore the dynamic relationship and mechanism between farmers′livelihood vulnerability and habitat degradation degree since the 1990s.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 1990 to 2020,the farmers′livelihood mode of Jiaxian County roughly experienced three development stages:traditional agricultural type,new agricultural type and non-agricultural type,the livelihood vulnerability and habitat degradation degree showed a continuous decrease,which was closely related to the transformation of farmers′livelihood types.This indicates that the impacts of different livelihoods on ecosystems are significantly different,mainly in terms of land use,resource consumption patterns,vegetation cover and biodiversity;(2)In terms of the coupled coordination types,the proportion of declining-disordered and endangered-disordered villages both continued to decrease,from 14.8%and 52.5%to 8%and 23%,and the basic-coordinated and highly-coordinated types both increased volatility,respectively,while the proportion of basic coordination and highly coordination villages fluctuated,from 26.2%and 6.6%to 49.2%and 19.7%,respectively.In terms of coupling difference types,the proportion of livelihood vulnerability prominent type and co-damage type both declined from 31.1%and 39.3%to 18%and 37.7%,and the ecological degradation prominent type and synchronization type all increased from 26.2%and 3.3%to 31.1%and 13.1%,respectively;(3)Farmers as the main actors in the rural social-ecological system,the livelihood system and the ecos

关 键 词：生计脆弱性 生境退化 耦合协调模型 农户生计 黄土高原 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]