祁连山东部地区不同林分水源涵养能力综合评估  

Comprehensive assessment of water conservation capacity in different forest stands in the eastern Qilian Mountains

作　　者：王作枭 贺康宁 WANG Zuoxiao;HE Kangning(Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation State Forestry Administration,Soil and Water Conservation college,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7662-7672,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2020-ZJ-713);青海省科技厅项目(2022-SF-160)。

摘　　要：研究对比祁连山东部地区典型林分水源涵养能力变化规律及差异,以期为区域森林水源涵养能力提升和管理提供科学依据。以青海互助北山国家森林公园内的云杉纯林、白桦纯林、云杉白桦混交林、云杉青杨混交林、白桦青杨混交林和白桦落叶松混交林为研究对象,采用野外实测、称量、室内浸泡等方法对林地林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层的水文效应进行测定分析,通过敏感性分析和相关性分析选取林冠截留率、未分解层厚度、饱和导水率和土壤蓄水能力等8个指标,并采用熵权法和综合指数法对林地水源涵养能力进行评估。研究结果表明:祁连山东部地区6种典型林分林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层的水源涵养能力都受到林分类型的影响。(1)不同林分类型林冠层植被截留能力表现为针叶林>阔叶林,混交林>阔叶纯林;(2)枯落物的厚度和储量变化趋势一致,云杉纯林(针叶纯林)表现为未分解层>半分解层,其他林分类型(针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和阔叶纯林)均表现为未分解层<半分解层。(3)土壤孔隙度和饱和导水率整体上表现为混交林大于纯林,且针阔混交林更优。(4)6种典型林分水源涵养能力的综合评估结果表明:云杉白桦混交林(0.746)>白桦落叶松混交林(0.547)>云杉青杨混交林(0.504)>白桦青杨混交林(0.480)>白桦纯林(0.467)>云杉纯林(0.244)。综合来看,针阔混交林可以作为区域林分结构调整和营造新林的目标林分类型,特别是云杉白桦混交林和白桦落叶松混交林,同时,在新造林时,应避免直接营造云杉纯林。This research aims to study the variations and differences in the water conservation capacity of typical forest stands in the eastern Qilian Mountains,and provide scientific support for the enhancement and management of regional forest water conservation capacity.The study focuses on six types of forests in the Beishan National Forest Park,including pure spruce forests,pure birch forests,mixed spruce-birch forests,mixed spruce-poplar forests,mixed birch-poplar forests,and mixed birch-larch forests.Field measurements and weighing,indoor soaking,ring cutting method,and correlation analysis methods are adopted to determine and analyze the hydrological effects of the forest canopy,litter layer,and soil layer.Eight indicators including canopy interception rate(%),undecomposed layer thickness(cm),saturated hydraulic conductivity(mm/min),and soil water storage capacity(%)were selected through sensitivity analysis and correlation analysis,and entropy weights method and comprehensive index method were used to evaluate the water conservation capacity of forest land.Results indicate that the water conservation capacities of the forest canopy,litter layer,and soil layer in the six typical forest stands in the eastern Qilian Mountains were affected by the type of forest stand.(1)The interception capacity of canopy vegetation in different forest stand types is as follows:coniferous forest>broad-leaved forest,mixed forest>pure broad-leaved forest.(2)The thickness and storage of litter showed a consistent trend,with pure spruce forests(needleleaf pure forests)having an undecomposed layer>semi-decomposed layer,while other forest types(needle-broadleaf mixed forests,broadleaf mixed forests,and broadleaf pure forests)had an undecomposed layer<semi-decomposed layer.(3)The overall soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity showed that the mixed forests are greater than pure forests,with needle-broadleaf mixed forests are better.(4)The comprehensive evaluation of the water conservation capacity of the six typical forest stands

关 键 词：人工林 林分结构 林冠层 水源涵养能力 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]