渤海湾潮间带互花米草-牡蛎共生群落生物特征  

Characteristics analysis of symbiotic community of Spartina alterniflora-Crassostrea gigas in intertidal zone of Bohai Bay

作　　者：沙婉潇 徐玉山[2] 阚文静[2] 江洪友 张荩予 卢学强 李洪远[1] 朱琳[1] 冯剑丰[1] SHA Wanxiao;XU Yushan;KAN Wenjing;JIANG Hongyou;ZHANG Jinyu;LU Xueqiang;LI Hongyuan;ZHU Lin;FENG Jianfeng(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Tianjin Marine Environmental Center Station,State Oceanic Administration,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]国家海洋局天津海洋环境监测中心站,天津300457

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7738-7747,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：天津市重点研发计划项目(21YFSNSN00230);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0122300);国家社科基金重点项目(19AZD005)。

摘　　要：牡蛎礁是典型的海岸带生态系统之一,具有重要的生态系统服务功能。于2022年6月、2023年4月和6月对渤海湾西岸互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)-牡蛎共生群落的分布及群落特征进行了系统性调查及监测分析。基于COI片段检测表明该潮间带牡蛎礁建礁物种为长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)。该区域牡蛎礁总面积约为19.71hm^(2),牡蛎种群密度和补充量在陆海梯度上呈现增加趋势,靠海一侧牡蛎密度和补充量更加充足。共采集大型底栖动物7门53种。基于非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析和相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验发现,牡蛎礁存在的共生区域与仅互花米草分布区和光滩区的大型底栖群落组成存在显著的空间差异(P<0.05)。与其他区域相比,共生区域内出现的大型底栖生物种类数最多,生物量更高,其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及丰富度指数也较高。研究结果表明,渤海湾西岸马棚口潮间带的新生牡蛎礁群改变了大型底栖群落组成结构,提高了生物多样性水平。Oyster reefs,as one of the typical coastal zone ecosystems,hold significant ecological service values such as water purification,reduction of coastal erosion,maintenance of biodiversity,carbon sequestration.However,there is still a lack of systematic investigation into the ecological status and geographic distribution of natural oyster reefs in China.Correspondingly,scientific research in this area remains relatively limited.A systematic investigation and monitoring analysis of the distribution of the Spartina alterniflora-oyster symbiotic community and the characteristics of the supporting macrobenthic community in the intertidal zone of the western coast of Bohai Bay were conducted in June 2022,April 2023,and June 2023.COI fragment detection indicated that the reef-building species in the intertidal oyster reef was the Crassostrea gigas.According to investigations,the total area of oyster reefs in this region was approximately 19.71hm^(2).The oyster density and recruitment showed a significant increasing trend along the land-sea gradient,with higher densities and more abundant recruitment on the seaward side.The individual shell height of oysters(≥20mm)ranged from 20.00 to 113.00mm,with both adult oysters and juveniles distributed within this range.There was a total of 53 species of macrobenthos belonging to 7 phyla collected in this study,including 25 species of mollusks,16 species of annelids,8 species of arthropods,and 1 species each of echinoderms,nematodes,brachiopods,and cnidarians.Based on NMDS and ANOSIM analysis,significant spatial differences were found in the composition of macrobenthic communities between the oyster reef distribution area and adjacent areas with only Spartina alterniflora distribution or mudflats(P<0.05).Within the oyster reef distribution area,a total of 34 species belonging to 6 phyla of macrobenthic animals were identified,including mollusks(19 species),arthropods(5 species),annelids(7 species),brachiopods(1 species),nematodes(1 species),and cnidarians(1 species).Among these,mo

关 键 词：潮间带牡蛎礁 渤海湾 长牡蛎 互花米草 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]