晋西黄土区典型林分凋落物-土壤养分对降雨再分配变化的响应  

Responses of litter-soil nutrients to rainfall redistribution in typical stand on loess area of western Shanxi Province

作　　者：龚世豪 查同刚[1,2,3] 张晓霞 张恒硕 高连炜 于洋[1,2,3] GONG Shihao;ZHA Tonggang;ZHANG Xiaoxia;ZHANG Hengshuo;GAO Lianwei;YU Yang(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;The Third Construction Co.,Ltd.of China Construction First Group,Beijing 100161,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Henan Key Laboratory of Yellow Basin Ecological Protection and Restoration,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083 [4]中国建筑一局集团第三建筑有限公司,北京100161 [5]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7748-7759,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271967);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302501)。

摘　　要：降雨是影响黄土高原地区植被生长的主要限制因子,但植被群落结构间存在的差异使其对凋落物和土壤养分的影响存在较大的不确定性。以黄土区油松人工纯林、刺槐人工纯林、油松-刺槐人工混交林、山杨-辽东栎天然次生林为对象,研究了林冠对降雨的再分配特征、凋落物储量、土壤有机碳(SOC)、总氮(STN)、总磷(STP)含量随林型的变化,分析了不同降雨分配特征对凋落物、土壤养分的影响。结果表明:(1)4种林分类型间降雨再分配特征具有一定差异性,油松林、刺槐林、油松刺槐林、次生林累计穿透雨率分别为86.43%、85.37%、71.68%、64.77%,树干径流率为1.0%、1.6%、1.3%、3.2%,树冠截流率为12.48%、13.01%、27.00%、31.93%。(2)不同林分类型SOC、STN、STP以及凋落物养分释放效率表现出显著差异性,天然次生林养分含量整体上高于人工林。(3)4种林分类型中,刺槐林的土壤C∶N最低,其它3种林分的土壤C∶N无显著差异;天然次生林的土壤N∶P和C∶P最高,油松林和刺槐林的土壤N∶P无显著差异。(4)穿透雨和林冠截流的变化能够影响土壤N、P组分和凋落物C、N、P元素释放率,但对土壤C组分影响较小。综上所述,黄土高原地区植被恢复过程中,降雨能够提高土壤养分含量,促进凋落物养分归还。天然次生林对改变降雨分配特征和土壤养分特征的潜力更大,自然恢复更有利于土壤养分积累。Rainfall is the main limiting factor affecting vegetation growth on the Loess Plateau,but its effects on litter and soil nutrients are uncertain due to different vegetation community structures.This paper selected four typical vegetation types on the Loess Plateau as the research objects,including artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest,artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest.We studied the redistribution characteristics of forest canopy to rainfall,litter storage and soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(STN),total phosphorus(STP)concentrations changed with forest type,and analyzed the effects of different rainfall distribution characteristics on litter and soil nutrients.The results showed that:(1)There were some differences in the characteristics of rainfall redistribution among the four stand types.The cumulative throughfall rates of Pinus tabulaeformis forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tabulaeformis×Robinia pseudoacacia mixed forest and natural secondary forest were 86.43%,85.37%,71.68%,and 64.77%,respectively;the stemflow rates were 1.0%,1.6%,1.3%,and 3.2%,respectively.In addition,the interception rates were 12.48%,13.01%,27.00%,and 31.93%,respectively.(2)The concentrations of SOC,STN,STP,and litter nutrient release rate of different stand types showed significant differences.Nutrient concentrations of natural secondary forest was higher than that of the artificial forest.(3)Among the four stand types,The ratio of soil C∶N in Robinia pseudoacacia forest was the lowest,and the ratio of soil C∶N in other three stands was not significantly different.The ratios of soil N∶P and C∶P in the natural secondary forest were the highest,and the ratio of soil N∶P in Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Robinia pseudoacacia forest was not significantly different.(4)The changes of throughfall and interception could affect the N and P components of soil and the release rates of C,N and P elements of litter,but had little effect on the C components of soil.In conclusion,in the process of vegetation restoration on

关 键 词：降雨再分配 土壤养分 养分释放 林分类型 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]