芥菜籽粕和威百亩熏蒸对土壤微生物群落影响的异同性  

Differences and similarities in the effects of Brassica juncea seed meals and metham-sodium fumigation on soil microbial communities

作　　者：谢子煜 彭俊伟 孙阳 史子涵 张欢欢 党柯柯 刘洪 董元华[1,2,3] 李建刚 XIE Ziyu;PENG Junwei;SUN Yang;SHI Zihan;ZHANG Huanhuan;DANG Keke;LIU Hong;DONG Yuanhua;LI Jiangang(Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Pingyang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Pingyang 325400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院大学南京学院,南京211135 [4]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [5]平阳县自然资源和规划局,平阳325400

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7807-7816,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377129,41977055);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022301)。

摘　　要：土壤消毒是一种防治土传病害的有效措施。化学熏蒸和生物熏蒸是目前常用的土壤消毒技术。然而,关于化学熏蒸和生物熏蒸对土壤微生物群落影响异同性的研究仍鲜有报道。研究以未熏蒸土壤为对照,向土壤中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.5%(质量分数)芥菜籽粕和0.1%(质量分数)威百亩,探究芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸下土壤微生物群落的变化及二者之间的差异。结果表明:芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸对土壤微生物群落的影响具有相似性也有差异性。芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸会显著改变土壤细菌及真菌群落结构(P<0.01),熏蒸材料的种类和用量而不是熏蒸时间对土壤细菌和真菌群落结构产生了显著影响(P<0.01)。在杀灭有害微生物方面,0.5%芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸能够降低土壤中镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度。在富集有益微生物方面,芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸能够富集土壤中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和马杜拉放线菌属(Actinomadura),其中0.5%芥菜籽粕熏蒸能够富集藤黄色单胞菌属(Luteimonas)和野野村氏菌属(Nonomuraea),威百亩熏蒸能够富集小单胞菌属(Micromonospora)和青霉菌属(Peniclillium)。在微生物功能方面,0.5%芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸增强了土壤细菌化能异养和需氧化能异养功能,减弱了土壤真菌病害相关功能,0.5%芥菜籽粕熏蒸还增强了土壤细菌硝酸盐还原和碳氢化合物降解功能。综上,芥菜籽粕熏蒸和威百亩熏蒸能够通过富集芽孢杆菌属和马杜拉放线菌属等有益微生物和消减镰刀菌属有害微生物来调控土壤微生物群落,使土壤具有预防土传真菌病害和促进作物生长的潜力。One efficient way to manage infections spread by the soil is to sterilize the soil.Currently,chemical fumigation and biofumigation are the commonly used soil disinfection techniques.However,few research has been done comparing and contrasting the impacts of chemical and biofumigation on soil microbial populations.In this study,unfumigated soil was used as a control,and 0.1%,0.2%and 0.5%(mass fraction)Brassica juncea seed meals and 0.1%(mass fraction)metam-sodium were added to the soil to investigate the changes in soil microbial communities and the differences between them under Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metam-sodium fumigation.The results showed that there were both similarities and differences in the effects of Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metam-sodium fumigation on soil microbial communities.Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metham-sodium fumigation significantly altered the structures of soil bacterial and fungal communities(P<0.01).The type and the amount of fumigant materials,rather than the duration of the fumigation,significantly affected the structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities(P<0.01).In terms of sterilizing harmful microorganisms,the 0.5%(mass fraction)Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metam-sodium fumigation reduced the relative abundance of Fusarium in the soil.In terms of enriching beneficial microorganisms,Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metham-sodium fumigation were able to enrich Bacillus and Actinomadura.The 0.5%(mass fraction)Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation were able to enrich Luteimonas and Nonomuraea.Metham-sodium fumigation could enrich Micromonospora.In terms of microbial function,the 0.5%(mass fraction)Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metham-sodium fumigation were capable of enhancing the bacterial functions of chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy and weaken the soil fungal disease-related functions.In conclusion,Brassica juncea seed meals fumigation and metham-sodium fumigation could regulate th

关 键 词：芥菜籽粕 威百亩 熏蒸 土传病害 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S472[农业科学—农业基础科学]