秦岭细鳞鲑与同域物种拉氏鱥的光偏好:生活史阶段效应及种间差异  

Comparative studies on light color preference of Qinling lenok Brachymystax tsinlingensis and sympatric fish Phoxinus lagowskii in different life history stages

作　　者：王丽英 夏静怡 邓楚可 黄青峰 赵浩翔 陶渝镇 吴奇[1,2] 夏继刚 WANG Liying;XIA Jingyi;DENG Chuke;HUANG Qingfeng;ZHAO Haoxiang;TAO Yuzhen;WU Qi;XIA Jigang(Fish Ecology and Conservation Research Center,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学鱼类生态与保护研究中心,重庆401331 [2]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,淡水鱼类资源保护与利用重庆市重点实验室,进化生理与行为学实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第17期7859-7870,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31770442);重庆师范大学“博望学者”领军人才计划;质兰基金会项目(2022100211B)。

摘　　要：基于不同生态情境下鱼类光偏好研究,可望为人工种群培育、野外种群保护与栖息地管理等提供重要理论基础。秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tsinlingensis)为国家II级重点保护野生动物,与拉氏鱥(Phoxinus lagowskii)共同栖息于秦岭山涧溪流并依生活史阶段不同可能存在一定程度的生态位重叠。为探究(1)在种间水平上,作为同域分布物种,二者光偏好是否表现出趋同进化?(2)在种内水平上,鱼类的视觉发育、生态需求等往往存在生活史阶段效应,这种效应是否驱动种内光偏好差异并在不同物种中表现出相似的种内变异模式?(3)不同生活史阶段鱼类的集群程度不同,那么鱼类的光偏好又是否受群体大小(个体或群体测试水平)的影响?研究采用自制的鱼类光偏好测定装置,分别在个体与群体测试水平下对不同生活史阶段秦岭细鳞鲑与拉氏鱥的光偏好进行了测定,结果发现:(1)个体测试水平下,秦岭细鳞鲑与拉氏鱥光偏好存在显著的种间差异(P<0.05);不同生活史阶段秦岭细鳞鲑均喜蓝光区与黑区,而拉氏鱥均喜黑区并对除黑区以外的其他光色无显著偏好;(2)群体水平下,秦岭细鳞鲑与拉氏鱥光偏好存在显著的种间差异(P<0.05);不同生活史阶段秦岭细鳞鲑均喜蓝光区与黑区、且在蓝光区的分布有伴随发育状态而增加的趋势,拉氏鱥喜黑区并对其他光色无规律性的偏好。结果表明:(1)在种间水平上,同域分布物种也可能由于微生境选择与自身环境适应性差异而表现出光偏好的趋异适应;(2)在种内水平上,鱼类在不同生活史阶段的光偏好存一定的种内分化,但种内变异程度可能因不同生活史阶段群体分离或混合程度不同而表现出相异的模式;(3)在个体和群体测试水平下,鱼类的光偏好并不完全一致,对鱼类光偏好研究应明确区分个体或群体测试水平。Studies on light color preferences of fishes based on different ecological situations are expected to provide an important theoretical basis for artificial population cultivation,field population conservation and habitat management.However,little research has been reported on the intra-and inter-specific differences in light preferences of sympatric species.Qinling lenok Brachymystax tsinlingensis,a threatened salmonid species endemic to the Qinling Mountain Range,is currently experiencing population decline and is a second-class state-protected wild animal in China Red List of Endangered Animals.It is land-locked and cold-water adapted,specifically occurring in Qinling streams together with Phoxinus lagowskii and has a certain degree of ecological niche overlap with it.This study aims to answer following scientific questions:(1)At the interspecific level,do sympatric species show convergent evolution in light color preference?(2)At the intraspecific level,does the effect of life history stage drive intraspecific light color preference differences and show similar patterns of intraspecific variation across sympatric species?(3)Since fish cluster differently at different life history stages,are fish light color preferences the same at individual and group test levels?Studies were conducted to determine the light preferences of B.tsinlingensis and its sympatric species(i.e.P.lagowskii)in different life history stages at the individual and population test levels,respectively,by using a homemade fish light color preference measuring device.The results showed that:(1)there were significant interspecific differences(P<0.05)in light color preferences between B.tsinlingensis and P.lagowskii at the individual test level.B.tsinlingensis preferred blue and black zone at all life history stages,whereas P.lagowskii preferred black zone and showed no significantly regular preference for light colors other than black zone;(2)there were also significant interspecific differences(P<0.05)in light color preferences between B.tsinli

关 键 词：光偏好 生活史阶段 同域物种 秦岭细鳞鲑 拉氏鱥 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]