麦积山石窟塑像背光保护加固研究  

Research on The Protection and Reinforcement of the Background Painting of Sculptures in the Maijishan Grottos

作　　者：杨志强 杨韬[2] 杨婕 岳永强[1] Yang Zhiqiang;Yang Tao;Yang Jie;Yue Yongqiang

机构地区：[1]麦积山石窟艺术研究所,甘肃天水741020 [2]敦煌研究院保护研究所,甘肃敦煌730030 [3]甘肃省建筑设计研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《文博》2024年第4期90-95,共6页

基　　金：敦煌研究院项目“闷泥时间对麦积山壁画地仗修复泥性能影响规律研究--以4窟、32窟地仗修补为例”(项目编号:2023-KJ-YB-7)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：麦积山石窟因崖体岩性及环境影响,以崖体为依托的壁画不易保存,故现存洞窟以彩塑居多,而塑像中又以泥塑为主。受时间、赋存环境及其制作工艺的影响,塑像背光会出现空鼓、地仗脱落等病害,其中有些已经塌落,有些随时可能塌毁。对128窟西侧胁侍菩萨背光进行保护修复时,在采用木锚杆挂长麻后往内部填泥的传统方法基础上,结合局部灌浆加固,将处于稳定状态的空鼓部位边缘进行竹片串联封护;94窟主佛背光壁画的保护修复考虑到其复杂的赋存环境,未进行灌浆加固,对木锚杆拉设长麻及空鼓部位边缘封护过程也进行了全局把控,使加固点互为整体。两次保护修复效果表现良好,可为今后麦积山石窟以及其他石窟的同类问题的解决提供参考。Due to the cliff’s rock quality and environmental conditions,the wall paintings in the Maijishan Grottos are difficult to preserve.Amongst the preserved artworks,polychrome sculptures account for the majority,with mud sculptures being the most predominant.Due to the effects of time,preservation environment,and manufacturing techniques,these sculptures often suffer from issues such as hollowing and detachment,with some having already collapsed and others at risk of imminent collapse.In the protection and restoration of the background part of the Bodhisattva sculpture on the west side of Cave 128,traditional methods involving wooden anchors and long hemp were used,supplemented by localized grouting and bamboo strips to seal the stabilized cavity edges.For the background wall of the main Buddha in Cave 94,due to its complex preservation environment,grouting was not used.Instead,a comprehensive control was applied during the process of setting wooden anchors with long hemp and sealing the cavity edges,ensuring that the reinforcement points worked cohesively.Both restoration tasks showed desirable results,and provides a reference for solving similar issues in Maijishan and other grottoes.

关 键 词：麦积山石窟 彩塑背光 保护修复 优化工艺 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]