新疆葡萄园化学农药使用现状及存在问题和对策  

Investigation Report on the Use of Chemical Pesticides in Grape Cultivation and Production in Xinjiang

作　　者：王念平[1] 努尔孜亚·亚力买买提[2] 陈浩宇 麦麦提阿卜拉·麦麦提图尔荪 阿依努尔罕·阿卜杜艾尼 郝敬喆[2] WANG Nianping;Nurzia·Alemaimeti;CHEN Haoyu;Maimaitiabdullah·Maimaititursun;Ayinurhan·Abdulaini;HAO Jingzhe(Yili Vocational and Technical College,Yining 835000;Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Management of Crop Pests in Northwest Desert Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi 830091;Middle School of Kawak Township,Moyu County,Moyu 848015;No.1 Middle School in Kersai Town,Moyu County,Moyu 848111,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁职业技术学院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]墨玉县喀瓦克乡中学,新疆墨玉848015 [4]墨玉县喀尔赛镇第一中学,新疆墨玉848111

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2024年第4期35-40,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201300);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新【2022】TG08号)。

摘　　要：本研究通过对新疆栽培葡萄病虫害防治过程中化学农药的施用情况进行调查,分析葡萄病虫害防控过程中存在的问题,并提出科学有效的建议,展望了葡萄病虫害专业化统防统治的发展对策。自2018年3月开始,历时3个多月,分批次对新疆葡萄生产栽培现状、病虫害发生情况、农药使用情况展开实地调研,包括问卷调研、入户访谈和讨论等。东疆制干葡萄栽培区域、北疆鲜食与酿酒葡萄栽培区域和南疆传统品种葡萄栽培区域中化学农药投入量呈现出东疆>北疆>南疆的整体态势。新疆具有生产无公害绿色葡萄产品得天独厚的自然条件,当前葡萄病虫害主要采取化学药剂治理。通过改变传统栽培模式,将低矮棚架结构改造成水平连棚架结构,规范栽培架势结构提高机械化水平,采用先进的整形修剪技术、果实调控技术和生物药剂综合防治技术减少病虫害发生,以实现新疆葡萄提质增效的目的。Based on the investigation of the application of chemical pesticides in the prevention and control of grape diseases and insect pests in Xinjiang,the existing problems in the process of prevention and control of grape diseases and insect pests were investigated,and suggestions were put forward for the development countermeasures of standardized unified control of grape diseases and insect pests.For more than three months starting from March 2018,field investigation was carried out in batches on the production and cultivation status of growers,occurrence of diseases and insect pests,and pesticide use,including questionnaire survey,household interview and discussion.grape cultivation area,North Xinjiang fresh and wine grape cultivation area and southern Xinjiang traditional grape cultivation area.The amount of chemical pesticide input showed an overall trend of eastern Xinjiang>Northern Xinjiang>Southern Xinjiang.grape cultivation area,North Xinjiang fresh and wine grape cultivation area and southern Xinjiang traditional grape cultivation area.The input of chemical pesticides showed the overall trend of eastern Xinjiang>Northern Xinjiang>Southern Xinjiang.Xinjiang has superior natural conditions for the production of pollution-free green grape products,and comprehensive control technology is adopted for grape diseases and insect pests.Change the traditional cultivation mode,change the low frame into vertical horizontal frame,standardize the cultivation,improve the level of mechanization,and adopt advanced pruning,fruit control and other technologies to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

关 键 词：新疆葡萄 病虫害防治 化学农药 问题与对策 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S436.611[农业科学—园艺学]