基于物资双向采购的三级应急供应链协调研究  

Three-tier Emergency Supply Chain Coordination Based on Bi-directional Procurement of Supplies

作　　者：艾艳芳 田军[1] 冯耕中[1] 刘阳[2] AI Yanfang;TIAN Jun;FENG Gengzhong;LIU Yang(School of Management,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Department of Industrial Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安710049 [2]山东科技大学工业工程系,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2024年第7期1-7,共7页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023QG073);泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目(tsqnz20231221)。

摘　　要：原材料供应中断会使得三级应急供应链面临断货风险,严重影响到应急救援的效率,同时,因应急物资需求不确定性风险容易引起物资配置不当与资源浪费问题。为提高应急供应链的风险防御能力,本文以政府-制造商-原材料供应商组成的三级应急供应链系统为研究目标,分析了应急物资的采购与回购策略,依据灾害发生频次不同的区域,分别构建看涨期权契约以及回购契约模型,并通过同批发价格契约与看跌期权契约的比较,得到了不同契约模式下三级应急供应链的协调条件,并与集中决策时的两级应急供应链进行对比分析,表明原材料供应商参与下的三级供应链整体的订购水平会得到提升。最后,本文通过数值算例对所建模型进行了验证。After a sudden event occurs,the government must respond swiftly to disasters to effectively safeguard the lives and property of the people.Timely and efficient transportation of relief supplies to disaster areas is crucial for emergency relief efforts.The interruption of raw material supply poses a risk of stock outage for the three-tier emergency supply chain.Manufacturing enterprises are unable to procure large quantities of raw materials for capacity expansion,thus struggling to meet the production procurement demands during special periods,severely affecting the efficiency of emergency rescue.Simultaneously,the risk of uncertainty of emergency supplies demand can lead to improper resource allocation and waste.To enhance the flexibility of the emergency supply chain and strengthen cooperation among supply chain members,this paper takes the three-tier emergency supply chain system consisting of government,the manufacturer and raw material supplier as the research target.It analyzes procurement and buyback strategies of relief supplies.This approach can mitigate the risk of rising raw material prices to a certain extent and address the loss caused by shelf life risks,providing necessary guarantees for the production and supply of relief supplies.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)For the three-tier emergency supply chain composed of government,the manufacturer and raw material supplier,different contract types can be chosen by the government for different regions.In regions with higher frequencies of disasters,call option contracts can be chosen to achieve coordination of the three-tier emergency supply chain while meeting the needs of disaster-affected populations.For regions with lower frequencies of disasters,buyback contracts can be adopted to achieve coordination of the three-tier emergency supply chain and prevent the waste of relief supplies,maximizing their utilization.(2)A comparative analysis with the two-tier emergency supply chain of centralized decision making shows that the overall ordering lev

关 键 词：三级供应链 应急物资采购 期权契约 供应链协调 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]