基于区域视角的特长公路隧道消防救援可达性评价  

Evaluation of fire service accessibility of extra-long road tunnels from a regional perspective

作　　者：周添 姜洪 刘顶立 刘伟军[1] Zhou Tian;Jiang Hong;Liu Dingli;Liu Weijun(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Hunan Changsha 410114,China;Shaoyang Jiao Tong School,Hunan Shaoyang 422502,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]邵阳交通学校,湖南邵阳422502

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第9期1322-1328,共7页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52204202);湖南省交通运输厅科技项目(202122);长沙理工大学研究生科研创新项目(CSLGCX23016)。

摘　　要：特长公路隧道消防救援一直是公共安全及公路交通领域的难题。由于特长公路隧道“长线型、双洞分离”的特点,其不同区段及不同行驶方向的消防救援可达性相差较大,难以用现有方法准确评价。为此,本文对特长公路隧道不同行驶方向车道等距采集消防救援需求点,而后计算消防救援需求点平均行程时间,以衡量消防救援可达性。建立了基于时间加权的区域特长公路隧道消防救援总体平均可达性评价模型。为验证该模型有效性,以贵州省特长公路隧道为例,共采集了960个消防救援需求点,通过网络地图应用程序编程接口仿真救援实时行程时间。在完整的一周(连续7天)设置了337个估算场景,共获取了323520个有效评价样本。计算得出贵州省特长公路隧道的消防救援总体平均可达性为0.242,消防救援总体平均行程时间为2560.68 s,消防救援总体平均行程距离为32870.18 m,结果等级为“差”,表明该区域特长公路隧道消防救援可达性低。从安全和经济的角度考虑,可建立特长公路隧道专职消防队及在高速公路沿线收费站或服务区设置消防救援点。本文提出的评价模型可为从区域视角提升特长隧道消防救援能力提供关键方法及数据支撑。Fire rescue in special highway tunnels has always been a challenge in the fields of public safety and highway transporta⁃tion.Due to the characteristics of"long line type and double hole separation"of extra long highway tunnels,the accessibility of fire rescue varies greatly in different sections and driving directions,making it difficult to accurately evaluate using existing methods.Therefore,this article collects fire rescue demand points equidis⁃tant from different driving directions of lanes in a special highway tunnel,and then calculates the average travel time of fire rescue demand points to measure the accessibility of fire rescue.A time weighted evaluation model for the overall average accessibility of fire rescue in regional extra long highway tunnels has been estab⁃lished.To verify the effectiveness of the model,taking the extra long highway tunnel in Guizhou Province as an example,a total of 960 fire rescue demand points were collected,and the real-time rescue travel time was simulated through the network map application programming interface.337 estimation scenarios were set up throughout the entire week(7 consecutive days),and a to-tal of 323520 valid evaluation samples were obtained.The over all average accessibility of fire rescue in Guizhou Province's extra long highway tunnels is calculated to be 0.242,with an average travel time of 2560.68 seconds and an average travel distance of 32870.18 meters.The result level is"poor",indicating that the ac-cessbility of fire rescue in this area's extra long highway tunnels is low.From the perspectives of safety and economy,dedicated fire brigades can be established for extra long highway tunnels,and fire rescue points can be set up at toll stations or service areas along highways.The evaluation model proposed in this article can provide key methods and data support for enhancing the fire res-cue capabilities of extra long tunnels from a regional perspective.

关 键 词：特长公路隧道 火灾 消防救援 实时路况 可达性 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]