释西周金文中的“虐”字  

Interpretation of the Character Nue in Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions

作　　者：陈斯鹏[1] Chen Sipeng

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《出土文献》2024年第3期32-37,169,共7页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“上古汉语字词关系史研究”(22&ZD300);古文字与中华文明传承发展工程规划项目“《新见金文字编》增订本”(G3215);贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“21世纪新见商周金文疑难字词考释”(21GZGX06)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西周金文选钟乙“虣(暴)虐”之“虐”写作“”,从卜、虎会意,表示以兵杖搏虎,为“虐”之初文。“(虐)”字的造字意图与“虣”字之表示以戈钺搏虎相类,对应的词也意义相近,故文献中常见“虣(暴)虐”连言。■盨铭文“虐”所从“匕”、《说文》“虐”篆文所从“爪”,均为“卜”形之讹变。《说文》对“虐”字形、字义的说解,以及目前学术界将“虐”字追溯至甲骨文从虎抓人形之字的主流意见,均不可靠。西周金文霸姬盘中的“”字也应释为“虐”,读为“效”,义为致送。In the Western Zhou Xuan zhongⅡ选钟乙bronze inscription,the word nue虐in the phrase baonue虣虐is written as GF8A1,which is a compound ideograph composed of the elements bu卜and hu虎to express the meaning of using a club to hit a tiger.It is the protoform of the graph虐.The principle behind the formation of the character nue GF8A1 is similar to bao虣which means using a dagger-axe(ge戈)or broad-axe(yue钺)to hit a tiger,and this is why the combination bao nue虣虐often appears together in texts.In the Western Zhou×xu ■盨 inscription and in Shuowen说文,nue虐is written with the component bi匕and zhua爪respectively,both of which are corrupted forms of bu卜.The explanation of the character form and the meaning of nue虐in Shuowen,and the academic consensus that traces its origin back to a character composed of a tiger(hu虎)grabbing a person(ren人)are also not reliable.The character GF8A1 in the Western Zhou Baji pan霸姬盘inscription should be transcribed as nue虐and read as xiao效,which means giving.

关 键 词：西周金文 选钟 霸姬盘 虐 效 

分 类 号：K877.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K224[历史地理—历史学]