特定航线江海直达船海事法律地位之确定——以海事行政法为主要视角  

Clarification of the Maritime Legal Status of River-Sea-Going Vessels on Specific Routes——A Major Perspective of Maritime Administrative Law

作　　者：周新[1] ZHOU Xin(Law School,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学法学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第3期43-56,共14页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2023年度安徽省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“‘绿色转型’视角下皖江‘非绿色’航运之法治应对研究”(AHSKY2023D015)。

摘　　要：特定航线江海直达船运输,自2018年以来已在长江中下游港口与上海港洋山港区、宁波舟山港之间率先运营。“特定航线江海直达船”虽有独立于内河船、海船的建造检验技术规范,但无独立的法律地位,带来海事行政管理、海事海商民事纠纷法律适用上的困难。因此,宜将“特定航线江海直达船”纳入“海船”范围,对应海船相关之海事行政法律规范以及船舶碰撞、海事赔偿责任限制、船舶优先权等海商法律规范,明晰特定航线江海直达船相关主体的权利义务关系,助力2030年前建成安全、高效、绿色的江海直达运输体系。The river-sea-going vessels on specific routes(RSVSRs) are large and fat vessels with shallow draft which are different from conventional sea-going vessels(SGVs) and the inland waterway vessels(IWVs).They meet the specific construction and inspection technical specifications promulgated by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China(MOT),navigate between ports of inland waterways and specific sea ports,and are suitable for the safe maneuverability within the river-sea environments and have a more economical cargo capacity against costs,more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly in ship design and power generation,and are,compared with the SGVs sailing along the river to and fro,more suitable for providing comprehensive river-sea intermodal transportation services.With respect to the RSVSRs,the prima facie attitude of the MOT is to differentiate the RSVSRs from the SGVs and the IWVs particularly in terms of maritime administrative licensing behaviors such as construction inspections of the vessels and regular inspections thereof.Compared to the SGVs and the IWVs,the MOT has promulgated a set of independent directions and standards for vessel design,construction,inspection,and operation,which in turn demonstrates the independent legal status of the RSVSRs in this realm.In terms of qualifications for crew members working in the RSVSRs,the MOT does not provide specific certificates of competency therefor.Instead,it adopts the traditional binary systems of crew members for the SGVs and the IWVs respectively,and solves the problem of qualifications through downward integration and upward upgrading,which means that crews originally holding either certificates of competency for seafarers or those for crews of the IWVs can be qualified for working in RSVSRs only if extra trainings related thereto have been fulfilled and a driving qualification testimonial thus issued.This reflects the limited independence of legal status of the RSVSRs in terms of crew qualification granting.However,in the vast majo

关 键 词：特定航线江海直达船 海事行政法 法律地位 法律适用 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]