从议会制到总统制:土耳其百年政治制度如何变迁  

From Parliamentary to Presidential System:The Centennial Transformation of Türkiye’s Political System

作　　者：李游 Li You(Jilin University)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院,长春130015

出　　处：《区域国别学刊》2024年第4期114-135,159,160,共24页COUNTRY AND AREA STUDIES

摘　　要：历史制度主义分析范式是探讨现代土耳其百年政治制度变迁因果逻辑的一个新视角。土耳其政治制度变迁的核心动力为制度背景、权力竞争、制度能力和宗教建构。政治制度所处的政治、经济、社会、文化环境作为外生动力,通过诱发机制引导制度变迁。争夺权力分配优势作为直接动力,通过激励机制推动政治制度结构变迁。制度能力作为内生动力,通过反馈机制迫使政治制度自身变迁。伊斯兰教建构伊斯兰政党的身份和利益,通过代理机制塑造政治制度功能变迁。土耳其政治制度发展历史过程呈现为制度稳定与制度间断的周期性交替变化,军事政变是制度危机后造成制度突变的关键节点。This paper adopts a historical institutionalism paradigm to analyze the causal logic behind the century-long evolution of Türkiye’s political system.The transformation of Turkey’s political system is driven by institutional contexts,power competition,institutional capabilities,and religious constructs.The political,economic,social,and cultural environments in which the political system operates serve as exogenous forces,guiding institutional change through triggering mechanisms.The struggle for advantageous power distribution acts as a direct force,propelling structural changes in the political system through incentive mechanisms.Institutional capabilities,as endogenous forces,enforce changes within the political system itself through feedback mechanisms.The construction of Islam shapes the identity and interests of Islamic parties,influencing the functional changes in the political system through agency mechanisms.The historical development of Türkiye’s political system is characterized by cyclical alternations between periods of institutional stability and disruption,with military coups serving as critical junctures that precipitate abrupt institutional changes following crises.

关 键 词：土耳其 宪法 制度变迁 历史制度主义 

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