欧美国家不平等问题新发展:特征事实、传导机制与解决路径  

New Developments in Inequality Within Europe and the United States:Facts,Transmission Mechanisms,and Solutions

作　　者：朱明玉 赵柯[1] Zhu Mingyu;Zhao Ke(Institute for International Strategic Studies,Party School of the Central Committee of CPC(National Academy of Governance))

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《区域国别学刊》2024年第5期125-152,160,共29页COUNTRY AND AREA STUDIES

摘　　要：自20世纪80年代开始,不平等问题作为欧美国家面临的巨大挑战而备受重视。2020年开始的新冠肺炎疫情更加凸显并加剧了本已恶化的不平等状况,这主要缘于疫情对劳动力市场的非中性冲击和宽松货币政策的分配效应。在不平等加剧的作用下,欧美国家社会凝聚力不断削弱,公共部门公信力遭到破坏。对此,各国相继出台了一系列政策措施:一是强化更加注重公平的社会再分配机制;二是加大产业政策扶持力度;三是重塑全球经济治理体系。这些行动体现了欧美各国经济社会制度中过分强调效率优先的倾向正在改变,公平重回公共政策的中心。而制度的再平衡也会影响这些国家对外经济政策的调整,“后疫情时代”经济民族主义和贸易保护主义将进一步抬头,并对全球经济治理产生重要影响。Since the 1980s,economic inequality has emerged as a significant challenge for Europe and the U.S.The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed and exacerbated this issue,primarily due to its disproportionate impact on labor markets and the distributive effects of expansionary monetary policies.Rising inequality has eroded social cohesion and undermined public trust in these countries.In response,policymakers have introduced a range of measures designed to mitigate these trends.These include strengthening social safety nets and redistribution mechanisms,increasing support for industrial policies,and advocating for reforms to the global economic governance system.These actions signal a shift away from an overemphasis on efficiency towards a more balanced approach where fairness plays a central role in public policy.This systematic rebalancing could also influence the trajectory of foreign economic policies in these nations.The post-COVID era is likely to witness a resurgence of economic nationalism and trade protectionism,with significant implications for global economic governance.

关 键 词：不平等 经济衰退 远程办公 宽松货币政策 政府救助 

分 类 号：D8[政治法律—政治学]