旅行社无过错事由与关联制度的冲突及协调--以《旅游法》第67条为中心  

The Conflict and Corordination between Travel Agency’s No-Fault Reasons and the Associated System:Focusing on Article 67 of the Tourism Law

作　　者：陈珊[1] 禹路兵 CHEN Shan;YU Lubin(School of Law and Sociology,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China;School of Law,Southwest University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学法学与社会学学院,四川成都610039 [2]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期115-124,共10页Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“我国失能老人权益保障困境与治理研究”(20BRK032)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《旅游法》第67条整合式立法暗藏归责事由与关联制度的冲突:不可归责于旅行社的事由作为组团社的免责事由与其承担严格责任相冲突;另作为旅游者的解除事由与免责事由则有违法秩序的一致性。为化解该体系冲突,应参考日本与我国台湾地区分解式立法,通过重新解释法律,就不可归责于旅行社的事由与关联制度作体系性协调:解构第70条的严格责任,确立旅行社过错责任为主、严格责任为辅的责任体系,从而化解第67条将通常事变作为旅行社免责事由与其承担严格责任的冲突;对“影响旅游行程的”进行目的性限缩,补充第67条适用的目的性要件,限制旅行社法定解除权的滥用;对第66条因旅游者原因的解除与责任做反面解释,可归责于旅游者的事件,旅游者不得免责与享有解除权,以限缩第67条“旅行社、履行辅助人已尽合理注意义务仍不能避免的事件”的范围。The Article 67 of the“Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China”harbors conflicts between the integrated legislative attribution of responsibility and associated systems:the causes not attributable to the travel agency as an exemption for the tour organizer conflicts with its strict liability;additionally,the reasons for the traveler’s termination and exemption violate the consistency of the legal order.To resolve these systemic conflicts,it is necessary to refer to the decomposed legislation of Japan and the Taiwan region of China,and to achieve systematic coordination of the causes not attributable to the travel agency and related systems through re-interpretation of the law:deconstruct the strict liability stipulated in Article 70 of the“Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China”,and establish a liability system where the travel agency's fault liability is the primary consideration and strict liability is secondary,thereby resolving the conflict between Article 67's use of usual incidents as a reason for the travel agency to be exempt from liability and the travel agency’s assumption of strict liability;by purposefully narrowing the scope of“affecting the travel itinerary”,supplement the purposive conditions for the application of Article 67 of the“Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China”,to restrict the misuse of the statutory rights to terminate of the travel agency;interpret the termination and liability due to the traveler’s reasons in Article 66 of the“Tourism Law of the People's Republic of China”in a reverse manner,such that events attributable to the traveler cannot be exempted and the traveler does not have the right to terminate,thereby limiting the scope of“events that the travel agency and the service provider cannot avoid even with reasonable attention”as mentioned in Article 67 of the“Tourism Law of the People's Republic of China”.

关 键 词：归责原则 解除权要件 免责事由 旅行社 旅游者 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]