微角振动对遥感相机成像质量的影响分析  

Analysis of the Influence of Micro-Angular Vibration on the Imaging Quality of Remote Sensing Cameras

作　　者：李醒飞[1,2] 杨辰熙 拓卫晓 邢伟达 蒋颢娇 封善斋 Li Xingfei;Yang Chenxi;Tuo Weixiao;Xing Weida;Jiang Haojiao;Feng Shanzhai(State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological Science,Wuxi 214000,China;Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence(Qingdao)Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266114,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器全国重点实验室,天津300072 [2]深海技术科学太湖实验室,无锡214000 [3]海克斯康制造智能技术(青岛)有限公司,青岛266114

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2024年第10期1070-1079,共10页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(62203322);深海技术科学太湖实验室“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS03001);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2022M712372)

摘　　要：针对高空间分辨率航天器遥感成像受微角振动影响模糊化的问题,从理论建模、仿真分析和实验验证3个维度量化了微角振动幅值、频率、初始相位等特性对遥感相机成像质量的影响.首先,从成像原理出发,建立了图像退化模型,分析了微角振动导致图像模糊和几何形变的机理.其次,分析了角振动参数对像移的影响规律,建立了不同角振动频率对应的调制传递函数(MTF)的解析计算式,分析了角振动幅值、角振动频率和初始曝光时刻对MTF的影响规律.然后,利用MATLAB搭建仿真平台,以调制传递函数面积(MTFA)作为评价指标,量化分析了角振动幅值、角振动频率和初始曝光时刻对图像模糊度的贡献程度.最后,搭建了振动实验平台,实验验证了各个振动参数对成像质量的影响规律.结果表明:图像像质随角振动振幅的增加而下降,频率100.0 Hz的角振动幅值从0.0064°增加至0.0281°时,MTFA由0.2776下降至0.1192;低频角振动作用下成像质量与角振动初始相位、振幅、频率有关,高频非整周期振动会造成MTF曲线的波动,且非整周期振动对成像质量的影响随着角振动频率的增加而减小.曝光时间为角振动周期的整数倍时,初始曝光时刻对图像像质的影响可以忽略.微角振动对遥感影像几何精度的影响规律能够为高轨遥感相机微角振动的测量与抑制提供理论支撑.To address the image blurring caused by micro-angular vibration in high-resolution spacecraft remote sensing imaging,this study thoroughly examined the effects of micro-angular vibration characteristics,such as amplitude,frequency,and initial phase,on the imaging quality of remote sensing cameras.This examination was conducted from three distinct perspectives:theoretical modeling,simulation analysis,and experimental verification.First,based on imaging principles,an image degradation model was established to analyze the mechanisms behind image blurring and geometric deformations induced by micro-angular vibration.Next,we investigated the influence of angular vibration parameters on image shift.Analytical expressions for the modulation transfer function(MTF)of different angular vibration frequencies were derived,and the effects of angular vibration amplitude,frequency,and initial exposure time on MTF were examined.Then,a simulation platform was constructed using MATLAB.The modulation transfer function area(MTFA)served as an evaluation criterion,enabling us to quantitatively analyze the contributions of angular vibration amplitude,frequency,and initial exposure time to image blurring.Ultimately,a vibration experimental platform was set up to validate the influence of various angular vibration parameters on imaging quality.Our findings revealed that image quality deteriorated as angular vibration amplitude increased.When the amplitude of the angular vibration at a frequency of 100.0 Hz increased from 0.0064°to 0.0281°,the MTFA de-creased from 0.2776 to 0.1192.Under the impact of low-frequency angular vibration,the image quality was related to the initial phase,amplitude,and frequency of the angular vibration.High-frequency noninteger-period vibrations can cause fluctuations in the MTF curve,and the impact of noninteger-period vibrations on imaging quality decreased as the angular vibration frequency increased.When the exposure time was an integer multiple of the angular vibration period,the impact of the initial ex

关 键 词：微角振动 遥感成像 图像退化 调制传递函数 

分 类 号：TP751.1[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]