油水两相流超低含水率微波相位检测方法  

Microwave Phase Detection Method for Ultralow Water Fraction in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow

作　　者：徐英 孟峥 袁超 左荣基 韩春红 艾克拜尔·麦麦提 Xu Ying;Meng Zheng;Yuan Chao;Zuo Rongji;Han Chunhong;Maimaiti Aikebaier(School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory for Process Measurement and Control,Tianjin 300072,China;Daqing Oilfield Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Daqing 163000,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Research Institute of Measurement and Testing,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津300072 [2]天津市过程检测与控制重点实验室,天津300072 [3]大庆油田设计院有限公司,大庆163000 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区计量测试研究院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2024年第10期1080-1089,共10页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(62273252,62203325).

摘　　要：原油外输过程中超低含水率的在线精确测量对确定原油的品质和保障原油交易时双方的利益有重要的意义.电磁波在含水原油介质中传播时会发生幅值衰减和相位移动,天线作为一种接收和发射电磁波的基本结构,被广泛运用于微波测量系统中.针对天线的谐振特性,设计了一种基于双天线法的超低含水率测量微波传感器,通过测量传感器S21幅值和相位的变化,感测出油水两相流中的含水率.采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件实现了对传感器结构的优化;通过分析传感器的S21响应与含水率变化关系,确定了传感器测量超低含水率的可行性,发现了适合传感器工作的频率范围.采用油水静态混合乳化实验和油水流动实验测试对仿真结果进行了验证.在4.64 GHz频率处,S21幅值和相位随含水率均呈线性变化,S21相位值测量灵敏度高,适用于0~3.00%范围内的含水率测量.随后,根据实验的相位结果,建立了0~3.00%超低含水率范围的油水乳化静态实验和动态实验含水率预测模型,在95%置信概率时,两个模型绝对误差均优于±0.1%.基于本研究给出的微波含水率测量传感器,其油水乳化实验测得含水率可以在一定程度上代替油水动态实验的测量结果.Accurate online measurements of ultralow water fraction during crude oil transport are crucial for determining oil quality and protecting the interests of parties involved in crude oil trading.Amplitude attenuation and phase shift occur when electromagnetic waves propagate in water-containing oil media.As a basic structure for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves,antennas are extensively employed in microwave measurement systems.Because of the resonant characteristics of the antenna,a microwave sensor based on the dual-antenna method was constructed to determine the ultralow water fraction.The water fraction in the oil-water two-phase flow can be sensed by measuring the changes in the S21 amplitude and S21 phase.Additionally,COMSOL Multiphysics software was employed to optimize the sensor structure.By analyzing the relation between the S21 response of the sensor and the water fraction changes,the feasibility of measuring ultralow water fraction using the sensor was determined,and the optimal frequency range applicable for the sensor operation was determined.The simulation results were verified by an oil-water static mixing emulsification experiment and a oil-water flow experiment.At 4.64 GHz,the amplitude and phase of S21 changed linearly with water fraction,and the S21 phase value presented higher measurement sensitivity,making it applicable for water fraction measurements in the range of 0—3.00%.Moreover,based on the phase results of the experiment,static oil-water emulsification and dynamic experiment models were developed to predict the 0—3.00%ultralow water fraction.Both absolute errors were below 0.1%with a 95%confidence level.Based on the microwave sensor given by this study,it is concluded that the oil-water emulsification experiment can replace the dynamic experiment to a certain extent.

关 键 词：两相流 数值模拟 优化设计 微波传感器 天线 含水率 S21幅值 S21相位 

分 类 号：TE81[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]