居家老年人跌倒及相关损伤严重程度影响因素研究  

Study on the risk factors of falls andseverities of fall-related injuries in home-dwelling older adults

作　　者：郭佳钰[1] 勇琴歌[2] 陈越[2] 张瑞芹[1] 朱思悦 李高强 毛亚詹 Guo Jiayu;Yong Qinge;Chen Yue(Department of Nephrology,the Second Medical Center&National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心&解放军总医院老年科肾脏病科,北京100039 [2]国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心&解放军总医院护理部,北京100039 [3]国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心&解放军总医院呼吸内科,北京100039

出　　处：《中华保健医学杂志》2024年第4期499-502,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Care and Medicine

基　　金：军队保健课题(21BJZ22)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨居家老年人跌倒及损伤严重程度的影响因素。方法 采用回顾性调查及队列研究设计选取解放军总医院第二医学中心2022年4月~6月门诊体检老年人的病历资料及跌倒筛查问卷。共收集2 374例有效病例,根据过去1年内跌倒情况分为有跌倒史组和无跌倒史组,单次跌倒史组和多次跌史倒组,跌倒环境为居家或社区。比较组间差异情况。结果 居家老年人跌倒相关损伤率为14.7%。单次跌倒史与多次跌倒史组间损伤严重程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。跌倒恐惧、骨折史、视力听力问题、感觉减退与居家老年人跌倒及相关损伤严重程度显著相关(P<0.05)。结论 居家老年人跌倒及相关损伤严重程度受疾病、心理、生理多因素影响,有多次跌倒史的相关损伤更重,可通过预防骨折、减轻跌倒恐惧来降低跌倒发生率及相关损伤的风险。Objective The study was to investigate the risk factors that influence falls and severities of fall-related injuries in home-dwelling older adults.Methods We adopted a retrospective cohort design and conducted the study in the physical examination of Outpatient Department in our hospital from April 2022 to June 2022.We searched for outpatients with fall screening records and obtained data.A total of 2374 cases were collected to compare the groups with different fall histories.Results 14.7% home-dwelling older adults with fall histories were injured.There were statistical differences in the severity of fall-related injuries between the two groups with one fall history and recurrent fall histories(P<0.05).The results indicated that history of fractures,poor vision and hearing,numbness in legs and feet,fear of falling were correlated with the falls and the severity of fall-related injuries.Conclusion Falls and severities of fall-related injuries in home-dwelling older adults are usually due to multiple factors and can be reduced by preventing fractures and alleviate fear of falling.

关 键 词：居家老年人 跌倒 损伤严重程度 影响因素 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]