基于DUS测试的江西省水稻新品种遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of New Rice Varieties from Jiangxi Province Based on DUS Testing

作　　者：高崇峰 刘小龙 罗涛 毛豪仁 夏晶 余小芸 段红霞 GAO Chong-feng;LIU Xiao-long;LUO Tao(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330046;Yujiang Sub-Center for New Plant Varieties Tests,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yingtan,Jiangxi 335200)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,江西南昌330046 [2]农业农村部植物新品种测试余江分中心,江西鹰潭335200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第18期32-36,42,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：江西省是我国的水稻育种和种植大省,随着水稻育种水平的快速提高,地方品种不断被新选育品种替代,造成大量优良基因丧失,遗传多样性显著降低,遗传基础日益狭窄。使用水稻DUS测试指南性状对江西省256份水稻新品种的遗传多样性进行分析,旨在了解江西省水稻新品种遗传多样性情况,为江西省水稻种质鉴定、育种利用和新品种测试提供一些参考。10个数量性状变异系数在8.59%~21.83%;52个测试性状的香农-维纳遗传多样性指数在0.03~2.10,平均1.05。聚类分析显示,材料相似系数在0.77~0.95。江西省近年选育的品种多样性较窄,对糯稻、有色稻和香稻等特殊稻品种开发力度也不够,各育种单位应加大品种资源收集和利用力度。Jiangxi Province is a major province of rice breeding and planting in China.With the rapid improvement of rice breeding level,local varieties were constantly replaced by new varieties,resulted in the loss of a large number of excellent genes and the significant reduction of genetic diversity,and the genetic basis was increasingly narrow.The genetic diversity of 256 new rice varieties in Jiangxi Province was analyzed using the DUS test guide characteristics,aiming to understand the genetic diversity of new rice varieties in Jiangxi Province and provided some references for rice germplasm identification,breeding utilization and new variety testing in Jiangxi Province.The coefficient of variation of the 10 quantitative characteristics ranged from 8.59%to 21.83%,the Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index of the 52 tested characteristics ranged from 0.03 to 2.10,with an average of 1.05,and the cluster analysis showed that the material similarity coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.95.In recent years,the diversity of varieties selected and bred in Jiangxi Province was relatively narrow,and the development of special rice varieties was also insufficient,such as glutinous rice,colored rice and fragrant rice.

关 键 词：水稻 DUS测试 遗传多样性 数量性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]