面向灰霾减缓的寒地城市规划应对策略——基于三维景观环境的定量研究  

URBAN PLANNING STRATEGIES FOR HAZE MITIGATION IN WINTER CITIES:QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL LANDSCAPE

作　　者：吴文 唐玉 王彦 季宪 修春亮 WU Wen;TANG Yu;WANG Yan;JI Xian;XIU Chunliang

机构地区：[1]东北大学江河建筑学院,辽宁省城市与建筑数字化技术重点实验室实验教学中心 [2]东北大学 [3]东北大学文法学院 [4]东北大学江河建筑学院

出　　处：《城市规划》2024年第9期78-87,共10页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101325);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2023-MS-084);教育部中央高校基本科研业务费(N2211001)。

摘　　要：城市灰霾污染日益突出,该问题在寒地城市的采暖季表现更为显著,这通常与城市三维形态、污染源、交通、气象条件等关联密切。聚焦于寒地城市三种颗粒物的空间分布特征,探讨颗粒物分布和扩散的影响机制及规划应对策略。对沈阳四环内典型主干道路颗粒物浓度开展监测,并借助ArcGIS平台以及街景图片测算城市三维景观环境,采用机器学习和结构方程模型分析气象、交通、三维景观和污染源四类要素与颗粒物浓度间的关系。结果表明:温度和湿度等气象因子对颗粒物污染的影响最大;绿视率和天空可见度等三维景观因子也是主要影响因素。调控策略包括适当增加街道高宽比,提升界面围合度,天空开阔度以0.5左右为宜,并构建城市通风廊道以减少污染物的聚集和沉积。Urban haze pollution is becoming increasingly prominent,particularly during the heating seasons in winter cities.This issue is usually closely related to a city’s three-dimensional form,pollution sources,traffic patterns,and meteorological conditions.This paper focuses on the spatial distribution characteristics of three kinds of particulate matter in winter cities and explores the mechanisms influencing their distribution and diffusion,as well as potential planning strategies.The particulate matter concentration on typical trunk roads within the Fourth Ring Road of Shenyang was monitored,and the three-dimensional urban landscape environment was measured using the ArcGIS platform and street view imagery.Machine learning and the structural equation model were used to analyze the relationship between particulate matter concentration and the four elements:meteorology,traffic,three-dimensional landscape,and pollution sources.The results show that meteorological factors,such as temperature and humidity,have the greatest influence on particulate matter pollution.Additionally,three-dimensional landscape factors,such as green visibility and sky openness,are also significant contributing factors.The control strategies include appropriately increasing the aspect ratio of streets,improving the interface enclosure degree,optimizing sky openness to about 0.5,and constructing urban ventilation corridors.These measures aim to reduce the accumulation and deposition of pollutants.

关 键 词：PM污染物浓度 供暖季 机器学习 结构方程模型 寒地城市 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]