汉水流域古城镇防御空间营建研究——以宋元明清川陕鄂地区城镇为例  

CONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT TOWN DEFENSE SPACE IN THE HANJIANG RIVER BASIN:A CASE STUDY OF TOWNS IN SICHUAN,SHAANXI,AND HUBEI PROVINCES IN THE SONG,YUAN,MING,AND QING DYNASTIES

作　　者：胡根根 张卫[1] 卓怡君 HU Gengen;ZHANG Wei;ZHUO Yijun

机构地区：[1]湖南大学建筑与规划学院

出　　处：《城市规划》2024年第9期88-98,共11页City Planning Review

摘　　要：中国古代城池结合山水人文自然要素,建立了具有地域文化特色的山水人居防御空间。宋元明清时期汉水江防与川陕鄂防区交相呼应,构建了沿河线性山水人居防御体系。通过对汉水流域城镇防御史进行分期回顾,概述其点线结合、分区设防的选址布局特点,以川陕鄂地区城镇为重点,结合两宋兵书、明清方志城池图等史料,从人居环境安全防御的视角,考证宋元对峙与明清动荡时期汉水流域古城镇的防御格局与空间特征,探究汉水流域山水人居防御环境适应性演变过程,提炼山水人居防御空间营建智慧。这对丰富古代人居环境防御史中地方城市规划经验,推进宋元城池防御空间结构复原,认识明清城墙军事建筑遗产防御空间要素特征具有重要意义。Ancient Chinese cities integrated both natural landscape and humanistic factors.Therefore,the defense space of local human settlements was established featuring both regional landscape and culture.In the Hanjiang River Basin,a linear landscaped human settlement defense system was developed along the river,closely related to the defense zones in Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Hubei provinces in the Song,Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties.This paper reviews the historical stages of town defense development in the Hanjiang River Basin,and summarizes the characteristics of the defense system’s siting and layout which were a combination of scattered sites and linear concentrations in separate zones.Based on historical data documented in the military books of the Song Dynasty,as well as those in the local records and town maps of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the paper examines the layout and spatial characteristics of defense facilities in ancient towns in Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Hubei provinces during the turbulent periods of these dynasties from the perspectives of human settlement safety and defense.Furthermore,the paper delves into the adaptive evolution process of the landscaped human settlement defense system in the Hanjiang River Basin,and distills the wisdom of defense space construction in these regions in ancient China.This paper is of great significance for summarizing the local urban planning experience in the human settlement defense history in ancient China,promoting the restoration of defense space structure of the towns in the Song and Yuan dynasties,and providing new insights into the characteristics of the defense space elements of the military architectural heritage of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：汉水流域 人居环境 防御空间 川陕鄂地区 城镇 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]