某地38135例过敏患者筛查结果分析  

Analysis of screening results of 38135 allergic patients in a place

作　　者：方炳雄[1] 李勉生 陈晓婷 陈映丹 FANG Bingxiong;LI Miansheng;CHEN Xiaoting;CHEN Yingdan(Precision Medicine Center,Puning People’s Hospital,Guangdong,Puning 515300,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Puning People’s Hospital,Guangdong,Puning 515300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省普宁市人民医院精准医学中心,广东普宁515300 [2]广东省普宁市人民医院耳鼻喉科,广东普宁515300

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2024年第17期156-160,189,共6页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：广东省揭阳市科技计划项目(sxm036)。

摘　　要：目的分析广东省揭阳地区常见过敏原的流行情况和分布特征,为深入了解过敏情况和预防、管理及治疗过敏性疾病提供重要依据。方法采用免疫印迹法对普宁市人民医院就诊的38135例患者进行过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)抗体检测,并进行回顾性分析。结果揭阳地区过敏患者中,总IgE阳性率为83.09%,而19种特异性过敏原的阳性率为99.75%。其中,户尘螨阳性率高达94.51%,过敏反应以2、3级为主,其他18种过敏原阳性率皆低于35%,过敏等级以1、2级为主;不同性别患者吸入性过敏原和食物性过敏原的阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在单一过敏、二重过敏和多重过敏的阳性率比较中,性别之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);食物性过敏原多在≤2岁的婴幼儿高发(P<0.001);对于过敏原的阳性分布,不同季节之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论检测过敏原特异性IgE水平可用于评估过敏状态,避免过敏原发生或进行脱敏治疗。预防吸入性过敏原引发的过敏性疾病,需特别关注儿童和青年人群。食物性过敏原常见于≤2岁婴幼儿,必须密切监测婴幼儿的食物过敏情况。Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and distribution characteristics of common allergens in Jieyang City,Guangdong Province,so as to provide an important basis for in-depth understanding of allergy and the prevention,management and treatment of allergic diseases.Methods A total of 38135 patients admitted to the Puning People’s Hospital were detected for allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibody by western blot,and the results were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among allergic patients in Jieyang City,the positive rate of total IgE was 83.09%,while that of 19 specific allergens was 99.75%,in which the positive rate of house dust mite was up to 94.51%,with allergic reactions mainly grade 2 and 3,and the positive rate of other 18 allergens was less than 35%,with allergic reactions mainly grade 1 and 2.The positive rates of inhaled allergens and food allergens in patients of different sexes were significantly different(P<0.05).In the comparison of the positive rates for single allergy,double allergy,and multiple allergy,the difference between patients of different sexes was statistically significant(P<0.05).Food allergens were mostly found in infants under 2 years old(P<0.001).For the positive distribution of allergens,the difference between different seasons was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Detection of allergen-specific IgE level can be used to evaluate allergic state,avoid occurrence of allergy,or carry out desensitization treatment.To prevent allergic diseases caused by inhaled allergens,special attention should be paid to children and young people.Food allergens are common in children under 2 years old,so it is necessary to closely monitor the food allergy of infants.

关 键 词：吸入性过敏原 食物性过敏原 免疫球蛋白E 过敏原筛查 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学] R446.6[医药卫生—临床医学]