比较不同方法筛查无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体的效果  

Comparison the effectiveness of different screening methods for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in unpaid blood donors

作　　者：高红梅 王帅 张蕊 Gao Hongmei;Wang Shuai;Zhang Rui(The Third Department of Blood Donation Service,Nanyang Central Blood Station of Henan Province,Nanyang,Henan 473000,China;Laboratory Department,Nanyang Central Blood Station of Henan Province,Nanyang,Henan 473000,China;Department of Hematology,Nanyang Central Blood Station of Henan Province,Nanyang,Henan 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省南阳市中心血站献血服务三科,河南南阳473000 [2]河南省南阳市中心血站检验科,河南南阳473000 [3]河南省南阳市中心血站血源科,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《感染、炎症、修复》2023年第2期76-79,共4页Infection Inflammation Repair

摘　　要：目的:分析血站无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体采用不同方法筛查的结果,为临床合理选择HIV检测方法提供依据。方法:抽取2022年1至12月在南阳市中心血站无偿献血者血液样本28000份,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)初筛、ELISA复查和核酸检测法筛查HIV抗体,并采用蛋白免疫印迹法进行确证,比较其一致性。结果:初筛28000份无偿献血者血液样本中的HIV抗体,ELISA法测定阳性率为0.100%,ELISA复查阳性率为0.075%,核酸测定阳性率为0.068%;确证试验阳性率为0.050%,0.018%为阴性,0.007%为不确定。ELISA复查阳性、ELISA初筛阳性、核酸阳性与确证试验阳性一致性好。初筛阳性样本中10份(35.71%)确证试验为阳性,其中7份(25.00%)S/CO值为1~<6;17份(60.71%)确证试验为阴性,其中9份(32.14%)S/CO值为1~<6;1份(3.57%)不确定,S/CO值为1~<6。ELISA复查阳性样本中14份(66.67%)确证试验为阳性,其中2份(9.52%)S/CO值为6~<10,12份(57.14%)S/CO值≥10;5份(19.05%)确证试验为阴性,其中3份(14.29%)S/CO值为0.8~<1,1份(4.76%)S/CO值为1~<6,1份(4.76%)S/CO值为6~<10;2份(9.52%)不确定,S/CO值为6~<10。核酸样本14份确证试验为阳性,其中9份(47.37%)S/CO值为1~<6,3份(15.79%)S/CO值6~<10,2份(10.53%)S/CO值为≥10;3份确证试验阴性,其中1份(5.26%)S/CO值为0.8~<1,2份(10.53%)S/CO值为1~<6;2份(10.53%)不确定,S/CO值为1~<6。HIV确证阳性无偿献血者,<35岁占57.14%,首次献血者所占比例更高(85.71%),HIV病毒主要通过性接触进行传播。结论:HIV抗体、核酸检测阳性、确证试验阳性之间保持比较高的一致性,都可以准确检出血液HIV感染;要重视35岁以下和首次献血者的HIV筛查。Objective:To analyze the anti-HIV screening results of unpaid blood donors in blood stations,and provide the basis for the rational selection of testing reagents in clinical testing.Methods:A total of 28000 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Nanyang Central Blood Station from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and the results of anti-HIV screening and confirmation were analyzed.Results:Among the 28000 blood samples from voluntary blood donors,0.100%were positive in the initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)screening,0.075%were positive in the double reagent screening,and 0.068%were positive in nucleic acid testing.The confirmation test results showed that 0.050%were positive,0.018%were negative,and 0.007%were uncertain.ELISA reexamination positive,ELISA preliminary screening positive and nucleic acid positive were consistent with confirmatory test positive.Out of the initial screening positive samples,10(35.71%)confirmed positive results,including 7(25.00%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6;17(60.71%)with negative results,among which,9(32.14%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6;1(3.57%)with uncertain S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6.Among the positive ELISA reexamination samples,14(66.67%)were confirmed to be positive,of which 2(9.52%)with S/CO values ranging from 6 to<10,and 12(57.14%)with S/CO values of≥10;5(19.05%)confirmed tests were negative,of which 3(14.29%)with S/CO values ranging from 0.8 to<1,1(4.76%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6,and 1(4.76%)with S/CO values ranging from 6 to<10;2(9.52%)with uncertain S/CO values ranging from 6 to<10.There were 14 nucleic acid samples confirmed positive,of which 9(47.37%)with S/CO value ranging from 1 to<6,3(15.79%)with S/CO value ranging from 6 to<10,and 2(10.53%)with S/CO value≥10;3 confirmatory tests were negative,of which 1(5.26%)with S/CO values ranging from 0.8 to<1,2(10.53%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6;2(10.53%)was uncertain with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6.For these HIV positive unpaid blood donors,it was fou

关 键 词：献血 人类免疫缺陷病毒 抗体 筛查 酶联免疫吸附法 聚合酶链反应 蛋白免疫印迹法 

分 类 号：R331.1[医药卫生—人体生理学] R446.11[医药卫生—基础医学]