丈夫育儿参与促进了女性就业吗?——基于CFPS 2020年数据的实证分析  

Does Husband Childcare Participation Promote Female Employment?:An Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS 2020

作　　者：茅倬彦 万琳琳 MAO Zhuoyan;WAN Linlin(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《人口与经济》2024年第5期51-62,共12页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国家庭结构功能变迁及发展能力提升研究”(23&ZD185);国家留学基金资助。

摘　　要：随着生育政策放开,我国女性面临更为激烈的育儿和就业冲突,影响了女性高质量充分就业。挖掘家庭内部照料资源,从理论视角分析丈夫育儿与女性就业的影响关系及作用机制,使用Probit模型、倾向值得分匹配法发现,丈夫育儿参与能够显著促进女性进入劳动力市场,其结果通过稳健检验。在机制分析中,研究发现丈夫育儿参与通过减少女性的家务和照料时间从而促进女性就业,而女性及丈夫的性别不平等观念均会削弱男性育儿参与对女性就业的影响。此外,生育政策的放开也使得多子女家庭进一步增加,进一步探讨了二孩家庭中丈夫育儿参与对女性就业的影响发现,相较于一孩家庭,丈夫育儿对二孩女性就业的影响更大。研究结果对于提高女性劳动参与、促进劳动力市场健康发展,尤其是在人口老龄化、婴幼儿照料体系不健全背景下,提高生育率、缓解女性工作—家庭冲突具有现实意义,为相关政策的制定与实施提供了参考。With the liberalization of fertility policy,women in China face more intense conflicts between childcare and employment,which affects women’s high-quality and full employment.This paper tries to explore the caregiving resources with in the families and analyzes the relationship and mechanism between husband childcare and female employment from a theoretical perspective.Using Probit model and Propensity Score Matching method,it is found that husband childcare participation can significantly promote women’s entry into the labor market,and the results pass a robust test.The mechanism analysis found that husband childcare participation promotes female employment by reducing their housework and care time,while gender inequality between women and their husbands would weaken the impact of husband childcare participation on female employment.In addition,the liberalization of fertility policy has further increased the number of multi-child families.This article further discusses the impact of husband childcare participation on female employment in two-child families and finds that husband childcare participation has a greater impact on female employment in two-child families than in one-child familes.The results of this article have practical significance for increasing female labor participation,promoting the healthy development of the labor market,especially in the context of population aging and inadequate infant and child care systems,increasing fertility rates,and alleviating women’s work-family conflicts.They provide reference for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies.

关 键 词：丈夫育儿参与 女性就业 性别不平等 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]