油气田中常见微生物腐蚀研究进展  

Research Progress of Common Microbial Corrosion in Oil and Gas Fields

作　　者：杨帆 朱世东[1] 张锦刚 苑清英 YANG Fan;ZHU Shidong;ZHANG Jingang;YUAN Qingying(Key Laboratory of Corrosion Protection and New Materials for Oil and Gas Fields of Shaanxi Higher Education Institutes,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Petroleum and Natural Gas Tubular Goods Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学,材料科学与工程学院,油气田腐蚀防护与新材料陕西省高等学校重点实验室,西安710065 [2]中油国家石油天然气管材工程技术研究中心有限公司,西安710018

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第18期55-66,共12页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51974245);西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划(YCS23214297);西安市科技计划项目(24GXFW0077)。

摘　　要：在油气田注-采-输过程中,管材微生物腐蚀(MIC)问题频发。基于油气田的微生物腐蚀现状,简述了油气田中常见的微生物种类及其腐蚀危害,对微生物与其他腐蚀性因素(CO_(2)、H_(2)S、Cl^(-)和温度)间的交互作用进行了综述,重点探讨了油气田微生物腐蚀机理,并对物理法、生物法和化学法等微生物腐蚀防护技术进行了概述。分析发现,除不同菌种间存在交互作用外,腐蚀性离子与细菌分泌的胞外聚合物(EPS)会共同促进电子跨膜运输速度,加速管材的腐蚀。在有氧条件下,微生物的生命活动会引起金属表面的氧浓差,加剧金属表面的点蚀和缝隙腐蚀;而在无氧条件下,电子载体的不同会导致电子传递方式产生差异,进而影响腐蚀机理。除抗菌耐蚀管材(或涂层)、细菌间竞争、阴极保护等腐蚀防护方法外,复配型杀菌剂和从天然动植物提取物中加工获得的缓蚀剂,可有效地抑制MIC。最后,对MIC过程中发生的生物电化学行为进行了展望,以期为油气田管材的腐蚀防护提供理论指导与技术支持。With the continuous exploitation of oil and gas,the Oil Country Tubular Goods(OCTG)used for injection,production and transportation in oil and gas are facing more and more service working environment.In addition to CO_(2),H_(2)S,Cl-and other corrosive components in the oil and gas fluids,there is also a special class of"groups"-microorganisms.In the process of injection,production and transportation,the internal microbial corrosion is considered to be one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failure.Metal corrosion losses caused by microbes(MIC)account for 20%of all metal corrosion losses.In recent years,with the continuous progress of material characterization technology,the mechanism of microbial corrosion and corrosion protection has been fully developed.Based on the microbial corrosion environment in oil and gas fields,the characteristics of the common microbial species in oil and gas fields and their hazards were introduced.Meanwhile,the interaction between microorganisms and other corrosive factors(e.g.,CO_(2),H_(2)S,Cl-,and temperature)in oil and gas fields was summarized,and the mechanism of microbial corrosion in oil and gas fields was emphasized.In addition,the microbial protection techniques such as physical,biological,and chemical methods were summarized.The results showed that during the interaction of microorganisms with other corrosive factors,corrosive ions and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)secreted by bacteria worked together to promote the rate of electron transport across membranes,accelerating corrosion on metal surfaces.Under aerobic conditions,microorganisms formed oxygen-concentration batteries through their life activities,causing localized corrosion.Uneven distribution of biofilms on metal surfaces led to uneven oxygen diffusion and localized accumulation of corrosion products,resulting in different oxygen concentrations or different consumption of oxygen by bacterial respiration on metal surfaces.This led to the formation of oxygen concentration differences in different ar

关 键 词：微生物腐蚀 腐蚀因素 交互作用 腐蚀机理 腐蚀防护 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]