论违约行为侵害人格权的精神损害赔偿请求权基础  

On the Basis of the Claim for Moral Damages for Breach of Contract Infringing on the Rights of Personality

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] ZHU Xiao-feng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第5期99-112,237,共15页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(20FFXB004)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第996条是独立的请求权基础,可以作为合同相对人主张精神损害赔偿请求权的主要规范发挥作用。该条规定的精神损害赔偿在体系定位上构成违约损害赔偿的例外,本质上仍属侵权损害赔偿范畴,与《民法典》合同编第583条、侵权责任编第1183条等规定的损害赔偿,共同构成现行民法上的精神损害赔偿体系。该条在规范作用的发挥上以具体侵害行为同时符合违约责任与侵权责任的构成要件为前提,与第1183条及第583条等在规范适用上构成竞合关系。若受害人选择依据第996条在违约之诉中主张精神损害赔偿请求权,那么在解释上应当将相应的精神损害赔偿责任判断置于侵权损害赔偿规范体系内展开,原则上不受违约损害赔偿中的可预见规则限制,以贯彻立法者通过该条强调充分保护人格权并适当兼顾行为自由的平衡保护立场。Article 996 of the Civil Code is an independent basis of claim,which can be the main norm for the contractual counterparty to claim moral damages.Article 996 is an exception to the damages for breach of contract,essentially,it still belongs to the category of tort damages,and together with the damages provided for in Article 583 and Article 1183,which constitute the normative system of moral damages in the civil law.The premise of the application of Article 996 is that the specific infringement of behavior must be consistent with the constitutive elements of breach of contract liability and the constitutive elements of tort liability,so Article 996 and Article 1183,as well as Article 583 in the application of norms belong to the competing relationship.Even if the victim chooses to rely on Article 996 to claim moral damages in a breach of contract claim,it should be judged within the normative system of tort damages,rather than within the normative system of breach of contract damages,in order to carry out the legislator's position of balancing the protection of the right to personal integrity and the freedom of conduct.

关 键 词：人格权编 精神损害赔偿 侵权责任 违约责任 责任竞合 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]