金融规章对合同效力的裁判影响力研究  

A Study on the Influence of Financial Regulations on the Adjudication of Contract Validity

作　　者：牛安琪 王轶[1] NIU An-qi;WANG Yi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第5期113-125,237,238,共15页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目重大专项课题(19JZDZ004)。

摘　　要：因违反规章而产生合同效力的争议主要集中在金融领域,司法机关对金融规章影响合同效力的问题存在着否定、排除和使金融规章借助公序良俗通道影响合同效力的三种裁判倾向,反映出左右摇摆的裁判立场。法院应坚持法律实用主义立场,与金融监管机构协同合作、相互成就、形成合力。一方面,金融监管机构在立法层面和执法层面更加有所作为;另一方面,法院应充分发挥司法能动作用,向金融监管机构出具司法建议。法院处理不同类型的金融规章影响合同效力案件的路径是:一是须以《民法典》第153条第2款为依据展开,金融规章可作为判断合同是否违背公序良俗的重要依据;二是提炼金融规章的公序良俗类型,具有裁判指导意义的金融规章可分为金融机构内部监管、金融机构市场准入监管和金融机构资产转让监管类型,由此构建金融规章影响合同效力的公序良俗类型体系,简化金融规章影响合同效力的推理过程,合法合理处理此类案件。The disputes about the effect of contract due to violation of rules and regulations are mainly concentrated in the financial field.The judicial organs have three kinds of judgment tendency to deny,exclude and make financial rules affect the effect of contract through the channels of public order and good custom,reflecting the wavering judgment position.The court should adhere to the position of legal pragmatism and cooperate with financial regulators to form synergy.On the one hand,financial regulators are more effective in legislation and law enforcement.On the other hand,the court should give full play to the role of judicial activism to issue judicial suggestions to financial regulators.To be specific,the way for the court to deal with different types of financial regulations affecting the validity of contracts is as follows:First,it should be based on Article 153(2)of the Civil Code,and financial regulations can be used as an important basis for judging whether a contract violates public order and good customs;The second is to refine the types of public order and good customs of financial rules and regulations,and the financial rules and regulations with adjudication guidance can be divided into the types of internal supervision of financial institutions,market access supervision of financial institutions and asset transfer supervision of financial institutions,so as to build a type system of public order and good customs of financial rules and regulations affecting the effectiveness of contracts,simplify the reasoning process of financial rules affecting the effectiveness of contracts,and legally and reasonably handle such cases.

关 键 词：合同效力 金融规章 类型化 法律实用主义 公序良俗 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.28[政治法律—法学]