晚清东北移民社会的治理体制变迁——以拉林河流域为中心  

Changes of the Governance System of Immigrants Community in Northeast China in Late Qing Dynasty:Centered on the Lalin River Area

作　　者：王剑 符泽军 WANG Jian;FU Ze-jun

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,南京210024 [2]吉林大学文学院,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第5期225-234,240,共11页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA215);江苏省文化创新人才项目(JSSCRC2022478)。

摘　　要：咸同之际,东北爆发了大规模民变,经过百余年开发的拉林河流域深受影响,流域内的主要城镇伯都讷、阿勒楚喀、双城堡等均被攻破,地方官府应对民变失措,以致逐渐失去对辖区社会的有效控制。本地官兵外调以及地方官治理能力有限是造成这一局面的主要原因,拉林河流域重视军事、忽略民事的旗民二元行政体制则是根本的制度性因素。有鉴于此,光绪年间就任吉林将军的铭安及希元提出了以增设民官、改革吏治为主的官制改革,以维护地方秩序。直至清末东北改制,拉林河流域广泛设立州府县治,其地方治理方式已与内地无异,地方治理体系基本完成过渡。这充分表明,“满洲”地区的这些“满族因素”未必是清朝统治的“成功经验”,且清末官制改革的过程相对仓促,这种被压缩了的边疆内地化过程,注定会遗留很多社会问题。The Northeast China saw large scale uprisings during the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi of Qing dynasty.The Lalin River area which developed more than a century was heavily influenced by those uprisings.Cities and towns in the River area,such as Dubona,Alekechu,Shuangchengpu,were conquered,which shocked and struck the local government too deeply to lose control of the local jurisdictions.The main reason was that the local officers and soldiers were transferred to other areas and their abilities of governance were limited.However,the fundamental reason lay in the institutional factor of the dual administrative system of the Eight Banners and civil affairs which attached much more importance to military than to civil affairs.Therefore,the Jilin Generals Ming'an and Xiyuan in the reign of Guangxu,advocated a reform of increasing the number of civil officers and innovating the administration of officials,so as to keep the local order.The prefectures and counties were widely established in the Lalin River area till Late Qing dynasty reform,and completed the transition of the local governance system.This completely proves that the“Manchu Factors”in Manchuria area are probably not the success experience of the reign of Qing dynasty,and there're many social issues unsolved due to the short and hasty compressed process of the borderland becoming inland.

关 键 词：晚清 东北 治理体制 移民社会 拉林河流域 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K252[政治法律—中外政治制度]