基于自适应时窗的矢量分解去噪方法  

Vector decomposition denoising based on adaptive time windows

作　　者：孙云鹏 沈鸿雁 杨晨睿 车晗 王波桦 刘帅 SUN Yunpeng;SHEN Hongyan;YANG Chenrui;CHE Han;WANG Bohua;LIU Shuai(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《石油物探》2024年第5期933-945,共13页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2017JZ007);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022GY-148);西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划项目(YCS23114112,YCS22214207,YCS23113045)共同资助。

摘　　要：基于有效信号与噪声的矢量存在差异的特点,发展并形成了一种自适应时窗矢量分解(adaptive time window vector decomposition, ATW-VD)去噪方法。该方法将地震记录瞬时属性引入到时窗系数求解中,根据瞬时属性反映的地震记录特征自适应调节时窗尺度,以平衡不同区域地震记录矢量分解去噪和有效信号振幅保护的能力。将该方法应用于一套含噪声模型地震数据的处理,并与经典的固定时窗矢量分解(fixed time window vector decomposition, FTW-VD)去噪结果进行了比较,验证了方法的正确性和有效性,并将该方法应用于实际地震数据处理中。研究结果表明,该方法能够更加精确地提取地震信号的矢量方向特征,有效利用了有效信号与噪声之间的矢量角度差异压制噪声;在压制空间上无方向特性、延续时间短的噪声时具有较大的优势,特别适用于随机噪声、50 Hz电缆波和尖脉冲等噪声的压制;在保护有效信号振幅、波形等特征的同时可大幅度提高地震资料的信噪比。A denoising method using adaptive time window vector decomposition(ATW-VD)is developed based on the differences between effective signal and noise vectors.The instantaneous attributes of seismic records are employed to solve time window coefficients;the scale of time window is adaptively adjusted based on instantaneous attributes,which indicate seismic characteristics,to balance vector decomposition denoising and signal amplitude preservation in different regions.Based on a noisy data set,we compare ATW-VD denoising with the classical denoising method using fixed time window vector decomposition(FTW-VD)and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the new method.The application to field data processing shows that our method can accurately extract the vector-direction features of seismic signals and effectively utilize signal-noise vector-angle differences for noise reduction.It is feasible for suppressing spatially directionless noises with short duration,especially random noises,cable waves of 50 Hz,and bursts.ATW-VD denoising can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data while preserving true amplitude and waveform.

关 键 词：矢量分解 去噪 自适应时窗 希尔伯特变换 随机噪声 50 Hz电缆波 尖脉冲 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]