运动员的肠道菌群特征  

The gut microbiota characteristics of athletes

作　　者：张秋萍[1,2] 徐倩 田华君[1,2] 褚羽丹 何俊良 马国强 邱俊[1,2] Zhang Qiuping;Xu Qian;Tian Huajun;Chu Yudan;He Junliang;Ma Guoqiang;Qiu Jun(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science(Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency),Shanghai 200030,China;Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport for Exercise Performance Evaluation,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海市200030 [2]国家体育总局“竞技运动能力综合评定重点实验室”,上海市200030

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第14期3051-3060,共10页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：上海市“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(23DZ1204102),项目负责人:马国强。

摘　　要：背景:了解运动员肠道菌群的特征及影响因素有助于确定相关运动项目的最佳肠道微生物组成,寻求提高运动表现和恢复的有效途径,并为个性化营养方案提供独特视角。目的:总结运动员的肠道菌群特征,从运动训练和饮食摄入两方面阐述影响运动员肠道菌群特征的重要因素。方法:检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、中国知网、万方和维普数据库2004-2024年发表的文献,英文检索词为“microbiota,microbiome,athlete,exercise,training,diet,nutrition,dietary fiber,protein,ketogenic,fat”,中文检索词为“肠道菌群,肠道微生物,运动员,训练,比赛,饮食,营养”。排除研究质量较差及内容不相关的文献后,最终纳入65篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①与普通人群相比,精英运动员的肠道菌群以α多样性增加、厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值升高、健康有益菌丰度增加、有助于运动表现的功能途径富集为主要特征;②项目类型和训练负荷与运动员肠道菌群物种结构及功能表达密切相关;③由代谢物介导的宿主与肠道微生物间的双向交流,是运动影响肠道菌群的重要机制;④阶段训练通常能够引发肠道微生物群产生适应性变化,并且菌群在结构或功能上的改变具有持续效应;⑤宏量营养素的种类、数量及组合形式能够显著影响肠道菌群结构和功能,并与运动训练发挥协同叠加或削弱抵消的作用;⑥未来应持续加强对运动员肠道菌群的相关探索,明确因果关系,建立运动训练干预新靶点。BACKGROUND:Understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of the gut microbiota in athletes can help determine the optimal gut microbial composition for relevant sport events.Further investigation in this area could provide important insights for improving athletic performance and recovery as well as developing personalized nutrition prescriptions.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the characteristics of gut microbiota in athletes,and to elucidate the important factors influencing the gut microbiota characteristics of athletes from the perspectives of exercise training and dietary intake.METHODS:A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases for publications from 2004 to 2024.The search terms included“microbiota,microbiome,athlete,exercise,training,diet,nutrition,dietary fiber,protein,ketogenic,fat”in English and Chinese.After excluding studies of poor quality and irrelevant content,a total of 65 articles were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The gut microbiota of elite athletes differs from that of the general population,characterized by increasedα-diversity,elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio,increased abundance of beneficial bacteria,and enrichment of functional pathways contributing to athletic performance.(2)The type of sport and training load are closely related to the species structure and functional expression of the gut microbiota in athletes.(3)The bidirectional communication between the host and gut microbiota mediated by metabolites is an important mechanism by which exercise influences the gut microbiota.(4)Phase training typically induces adaptive changes in the gut microbiota,and alterations in the structure or function of the microbiota have lasting effects.(5)The type,quantity,and combination of macronutrients intake can significantly influence the structure and function of the gut microbiota,and interact synergistically or antagonistically with exercise training.(6)In the future,it is important to continue the exp

关 键 词：肠道菌群 运动员 运动 训练 饮食 肠道微生物 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R37[医药卫生—临床医学] G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]