城市公园繁殖鸟类生态位与种间关系  

Niche and Interspecific Relationship of Breeding Birds in Urban Parks

作　　者：李斌强 张象君 崔庆江 曾昭朝 马山俊 张绍辉 章文杰 Li Binqiang;Zhang Xiangjun;Cui Qingjiang;Zeng Zhaozhao;Ma Shanjun;Zhang Shaohui;Zhang Wenjie(Faculty of Biodiversity and Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Planning and Design Institute,Yunnan Forestry Technological College,Kunming 650224,China;School of Forestry Engineering,Guangxi Eco-Engineering Vocational and Technical College,Liuzhou 545004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,昆明650224 [2]云南林业职业技术学院规划设计研究院,昆明650224 [3]广西生态工程职业技术学院林业工程学院,广西柳州545004

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第4期147-155,共9页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2022KY1238);云南省教育厅项目(2023J1612)。

摘　　要：探究城市鸟类的生态位和种间关系有助于正确认识城市鸟类的共存机制。2021年4—8月,利用样线法对广西柳州12个城市公园进行鸟类调查,采用Levins生态位宽度指数、Pianka生态位重叠度指数、Spearman秩相关性系数等分析14种繁殖鸟类的生态位特征与种间关系。结果表明:柳州城市公园暗绿绣眼鸟的生态位宽度值最高,白头鹎和鹊鸲的生态位重叠度最大,鸟类的生态位宽度与其分布的公园数量呈线性相关;鸟类群落呈显著正联结,且鸟类群落正相关物种对的比率远远高于负相关物种对的比率,支持群落的正联结结论;鸟类的生态位重叠度受物种功能距离的影响,功能距离越近的物种,生态位重叠度越大,共同出现的概率越高。研究结果为城市鸟类物种的共存提供了实证数据和新的见解,建议在城市生境中,优先保护特化物种的栖息地;增加城市公园的生境复杂性,满足不同鸟类物种的生态需求,促进城市鸟类物种的共存和生态系统服务功能的发挥。Understanding niche and interspecific relationship of bird species in cities is conducive to identifying their coexistence mechanism.From April to August 2021,using the line-transect method,we conducted bird surveys at 12 urban parks in Liuzhou,Guangxi.In this study,we use Levins niche breadth index,Pianka niche overlap index and Spearman rank correlation coefficient to measure niche characteristics and interspecific relationships of 14 breeding bird species.Our study shows that the Levins niche breadth of Zosterops japonicus is the highest,while the niche overlap of Pycnonotus sinensis and Copsychus saularis is the highest.There is a significant linear correlation between the niche breadth of birds and the number of parks with the birds,while bird communities show significant positive associations and the rates of positively associated species pairs in bird communities are much higher than the rates of negatively associated species pairs at that.This supports the conclusion of overall positive community associations.The niche overlap of bird species is affected by the functional distance of species.The closer the functional distance,the greater the niche overlap and the higher the probability of co-occurrence.This study provides the empirical data and new insights over the coexistence of bird species in cities.We suggest that priority should be given to conserving the habitat of specialized species in urban habitat environments.Additionally,increasing the habitat complexity of urban parks to meet the ecological needs of different bird species could promote the coexistence of urban bird species and enhance ecosystem services and functions.

关 键 词：城市化 鸟类多样性 生态位宽度 种间联结 广西柳州 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]